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你和领导一起参加一个重要会议，在飞机上发现重要文件没有带来，你怎么办?
翻译： Bymakingvehicleslighterinweightaluminumhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoffuelneededtomovethem,(PassageTwo)
PartIIVocabularyandStructure Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet. 21.Agreatmanycancerscanbecuredbutonlyifbeforetheyhavebeguntospreadorcolonizeinotherpartsofthebody. A.properlytreat B.properlytreating C.beingproperlytreated D.properlytreated 22.sheisalikeablegirl,sheisverydifficulttoworkwith. A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsfarasD.While 23.Allthetouristsgavetherobbertheirmoney. A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightful 24.herage,shereallydidagoodjobinsuchashorttime. A.GivingB.GivesC.GiveD.Given 25.Thesoldierwaswithneglectinghisduty. A.chargedB.conductedC.chargedD.committed 26.Thereasonwhythecarstoppedwas. A.becausetheroadwasnotgoodB.thattheroadwasnotgood C.duetothebadroadD.becauseofthebadroad 27.You’dbetterhurry,youmightbelateforclass. A.orB.andC.unlessD.but 28.,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess. A.ItwasexpectedB.Whichwasexpected C.AswasexpectedD.Thatwasexpected 29.ThedoctorfeltJohn’sarmtoifthebonewasbroken. A.workoutB.findoutC.lookatD.seeout 30.Hejustmysuggestionatthemeetingyesterday. A.putawayB.shutdownC.showedoffD.brushedaside 31.Thequestionatthenextmeetingremainasecret. A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed 32.Hislazinesshisfailureinthefinalexam. A.gaveupB.contributedC.resultedinD.distributed 33.Theteacher’stomystatementaboutthispoetledmetoreadwidelyaboutpoems. A.changeB.chargeC.challengeD.chance 34.Onmostofthenights,Janereadinglettersfromherboyfriend. A.stayedoffB.stayedonC.stayedoutD.stayedup 35.Thefirst-yearstudentswerelearningformthearmyinMiyun,asuburbofBeijingnearIlived. A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which 36.Lyndaandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimthepostoftypist. A.approachedB.appliedforC.appealedtoD.approvedof 37.Anybodyisentitledtosuchbenefitofageorsex. A.regardlessB.whetherC.inspiteD.incase 38.Inthisbuildingeachapartmentcouldafamilyofsix. A.houseB.coverC.makeD.include 39.Itriedtogetoutofthebusiness,Ifoundimpossible. A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what 40.Whenheexplaineditagainandagain,thestudent’spatience. A.ranoverB.ranonC.ranoutD.ranoff 41.WhenherneighborGrandmaWangbecameill,thegirloften. A.fittedinB.workedoutC.heldbackD.helpedout 42.Ifyoureallywanttoapplyforthedangerousjob,Iwon’t,thoughtIthinkit’sacrazyidea. A.stoodinyourwayB.standontheway C.standinyourwayD.standbytheway 43.Hewastryingtoread;,thephonekeptringing. A.meanwhileB.thenC.laterD.afterwards 44.Iamoutofthosepeoplewholikeastrenuous(费力的)holiday;Ibelievein. A.tookiteasyB.takeniteasy C.takingiteasyD.takingiteasily 45.Thepolicematchedthefingerprintsandfoundtheywere. A.equivalentB.identicalC.similarD.equal 46.Formally,intheUnitedStates,manynursesworkedasprivatedutynursesinhospitals. A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherthan 47.Ifyoudon’tmind.Idomyhomeworkthanplaycardswithyou. A.hadbetterB.preferC.wouldratherD.wouldlike 48.Theirideawastogetustothestrikeatonce. A.callatB.calloffC.callinD.callfor 49.MycarsoIhadtocomebybus. A.felldownB.brokedownC.felloverD.turnedaway 50.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface. A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.explanation 51.Whichis,NorthAmericaorSouthAmerica? A.biggestB.thebiggestC.morebiggestD.bigger 52.Youshouldobservecarefullyhowtheaudiencehisspeech. A.reachtoB.refertoC.reacttoD.relateto 53.Thesefarmersgotagoodharvestlastyear,sotheyabigsumofmoneyfornewfarmmachines. A.setasideB.setaboutC.setupD.setback 54.Oneofmysayingsis“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.” A.likelyB.favorableC.alikeD.favorite 55.Allisacontinuoussupplyoffueloil. A.whatisneededB.thatisneeded C.thethingisneededD.fortheirneeds 56.Thehighincometaxisharmfulitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore. A.inthatB.thatC.inwhichD.which 57.Anewtechniqueout,theyieldincreasesby20%. A.havingworkingB.havingbeenworked C.atalossD.forgood 58.Thebirdflewintotheairandwassoon. A.outofsightB.inahurryC.atalossD.forgood 59.ItisdecidedthatheforabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing. A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranges 60.Iknowit’snotimportantbutIcan’thelpaboutit. A.tothinkB.thinkingC.andthinkD.beingthought
工作负责人在哪些情况下可以参加工作？
翻译训练：要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱。
PartIIICloze Directions:Therearetwentyblanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassageandthenmarksyouranswerontheAnswerSheet. Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn61.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,62beingmorecapablethanothers.63nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligence64hehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhat65totheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought66.Ifanindividualishandicapped(受阻碍)67,itislikelythathisbrainwill68todevelopandhewill69attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis70. Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbe71bythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandJohn.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheyareplacedin72foster(寄养)homes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinan73communitywithpooreducational74.John,75,waseducatedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohasbeentocollege.Thisenvironmental76continueduntilthetwinswere77theirlateteens,78theyweregiventeststo79theirintelligence.John’sI.Q.(智商)was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthanthe80andfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother. 61.A.forB.byC.withD.in 62.A.mostB.someC.manyD.few 63.A.ButB.ForC.StillD.And 64.A.ifB.thoughtC.asD.unless 65.A.refersB.appliesC.happensD.concerns 66.A.aboutB.upC.forwardD.forth 67.A.relativelyB.intelligentlyC.regularlyD.environmentally 68.A.failB.helpC.manageD.stop 69.A.everB.neverC.evenD.nearly 70.A.ableB.capableC.availableD.acceptable 71.A.demonstratedB.deniedC.neglectedD.ignored 72.A.separateB.similarC.remoteD.individual 73.A.omittedB.isolatedC.enclosedD.occupied 74.A.possibilitiesB.opportunitiesC.capacitiesD.responsibilities 75.A.moreoverB.consequentlyC.thenD.however 76.A.exceptionB.divisionC.differenceD.alteration 77.A.inB.byC.atC.for 78.A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.because 79.A.estimateB.countC.decideD.measure 80.A.averageB.commonC.usualD.ordinary
Scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworldarebillionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton.Mostoftheseplantsandanimalsaretoosmallforthehumaneyetosee.Theydriftaboutlazilywiththecurrents,providingabasicfoodformanylargeranimals.Planktonhasbeendescribedastheequivalentofthegrassesthatgrowonthedrylandcontinents,andthecomparisonisanappropriateone.Inpotentialfoodvaluehowever,planktonfaroutweighsthatofthelandgrasses.Onescientisthasestimatedthatwhilegrassesoftheworldproduceabout49billiontonsofvaluablecarbohydrateseachyear.Thesea’splanktongeneratesmorethantwiceasmuch. Despiteitsenormousfoodpotential,littleeffortwasmadeuntilrecentlytofarmplanktonaswefarmgrassesonland.Nowmarinescientistshaveatlastbeguntostudythispossibility,especiallyasthesea’sresourcesloomevenmoreimportantasameansoffeedinganexpandingworldpopulation. Nooneyethasseriouslysuggestedthat“planktonburgers”maysoonbecomepopulararoundtheworld.Asapossiblefarmedsupplementaryfoodsource,however,planktonisgainingconsiderableinterestamongmarinescientists. Onetypeofplanktonthatseemstohavegreatharvestpossibilitiesisatinyshrimplikecreaturecalledkrill.Growingtotwoorthreeincheslong,krillprovidethemajorfoodforthegiantbluewhale,thelargestanimalevertoinhabittheEarth.Realizingthatthiswhalemaygrow100feetandweigh150tonsatmaturity,itisnotsurprisingthateachonedevoursmorethanonetonofkrilldaily. Krillswimaboutjustbelowthesurfaceinhugeschoolssometimesmileswide,mainlyinthecoldAntarctic.Becauseoftheirpinkcolor,theyoftenappearasasolidreddishmasswhenviewedfromashiporfromtheair.Krillareveryhighinfoodvalue.Apoundofthesecrustaceanscontainsabout460calories—aboutthesameasshrimporlobster,towhichtheyarerelated. Ifthekrillcanfeedsuchhugecreaturesaswhales,manyscientistsreason,theymustcertainlybecontendersasnewfoodsourceforhumans. 1.Whichofthefollowingbestportraystheorganizationofthepassage? A.Theauthorpresentstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofplanktonasafoodsource. B.Theauthorquotespublicopiniontosupporttheargumentforfarmingplankton. C.Theauthorclassifiesthedifferentfoodsourcesaccordingtoamountofcarbohydrate. D.Theauthormakesageneralstatementaboutplanktonasafoodsourceandthenmovestoaspecificexample. 2.Accordingtothepassage,whyisplanktonregardedtobemorevaluablethanlandgrasses? A.Itiseasiertocultivate. B.Itproducesmorecarbohydrates. C.Itdoesnotrequiresoil. D.Itismorepalatable. 3.Whydoestheauthormention“planktonburgers”? A.Todescribetheappearanceofonetypeofplankton. B.Toillustratehowmuchplanktonawhaleconsumes. C.Tosuggestplanktonasapossiblefoodsources. D.Tocomparethefoodvaluesofbeefandplankton. 4.Whatismentionedasoneconspicuousfeatureofkrill? A.Theyarethesmallestmarineanimals. B.Theyarepinkincolor. C.Theyaresimilarinsizetolobsters. D.Theyhavegrasslikebodies. 5.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasreasonswhyplanktoncouldbeconsideredahumanfoodsourceexceptthatitis___. A.highinfoodvalue. B.inabundantsupplyintheoceans. C.anappropriatefoodforotheranimals. D.freeofchemicalsandpollutants.
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsmofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution. 1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto [A]Speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem. [B]Identifyaproblem. [C]Bringtogetherdisparatefacts. [D]Stipulatecleargoals. 2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2 [A]Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis. [B]Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers. [C]Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo. [D]Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions. 3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis [A]ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot. [B]ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot. [C]ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot. [D]ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot. 4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements [A]Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis. [B]Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions. [C]Managers''intuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills. [D]Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently. 5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext [A]Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven. [B]Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced. [C]Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized. [D]Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.
PartIVTranslation Yetthesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.(PassageTwo)
Passage1 Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage: DoyouwanttosaywhatyouthinkinalettertothePresidentoftheUnitedStates?You’llgetareplyfromhim—writteninink,nottyped—afteronlyafewdays. ThePresidentgetsabout4,000letterseveryweek.HeanswerseveryonewhowritestohimonspecialWhitesHousepaper.Buthedoesn’tneedalotoftimeforit.Infact,heonlygives20minutesaweektolookathispersonalcorrespondence.Hehasthemostmodernsecretaryintheworldtohelphim. It’scomputer,worth￡800，000，whichhasitsownroomsonthefirstflooroftheWhiteHouse.IthasabankofelectronicpenswhichwritelikethePresidentwrites,inhisfavoritelightblueink.EachletterthePresidentreceivesgetsanumber,accordingtothetypeofansweritneeds.Thepensthenwritethecorrectreplyforit,accordingtothenumber.Eachlettertakeslessthanasecondtowrite.AWhiteHouseofficialsaid,“It’snotimportantthatletterscomefromacomputer.EachlettersayswhatthePresidentwantstosay.” 1.forareplyfromthePresident. A.YouhavetowaitalongtimeB.Youonlyhavetowaitseveraldays C.YouhavetowaitatleastonemonthD.Youonlyhavetowaitafewweeks 2.ThereplyfromthePresident. A.isalwaysprintedB.isalwaystyped C.isalwayswrittenininkD.isalwayswrittenbyhimself 3.Ittakesthecomputertowritetenletters. A.nomorethantensecondsB.alittlemorethantenseconds C.lessthantensecondsD.atleastonesecond 4.Thecomputercanbedescribedas. A.expensivebutefficientB.possessingabeautifulhandwriting C.heavyandinefficientD.thePresident’smostreliablesecretary 5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat. A.thePresidentneverreadsanyletterswrittentohimbyordinarypeople B.thePresidenthiresaveryefficientsecretarytodealwithhiscorrespondence C.thePresidentdoesnotreallycareaboutthelettershereceiveseveryweek D.thePresidentisassuredthatthecomputerexpresshisviewsintheletters