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Part IV Translation The captain realized that the men tried to deceive him so he made them work very hard for the rest of the voyage. (Passage One)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A) Do some typing. B) Buy some paper. C) Ask the man to type. D) Want to run with the man. 2.A) 10:50 B) 10:15 C) 10:48 D) 10:52 3. A) Husband and wife. B) A girl and her boyfriend. C) Teacher and student. D) Old friends. 4. A)Policeman. B)Salesman. C) Car driver. D) Conductor. 5. A) In a school. B) In a theater. C) In a restaurant. D) At home. 6. A) She agreed. B) She disagreed. C) She was impatient. D) She was worried. 7. A) Something cold. B) Coffee. C) Tea. D) Something hot. 8. A) Gold. B) Blue. C) Brown. D) Black. 9. A) He didn ’knowtwhere to find the professor. B) He had difficulty doing the experiment. C) He failed the exam. D) He couldn ’graduatetfrom the university. 10. A) The man is coughing. B) The man gave up smoking. C) The man has a lung disease. D) The man has a heart attack
Directions: In thissection,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1、 A. The collection of precious metals. B. A standard measuring weight unit. C. The value of precious metals. D. A new metric system of measurement. 2、 A. Checking the accuracy of scales. B. Calculating the density ofmetals. C.Observing humidity of atmosphere. D.Measuring amounts of rainfall. 3、 A. It has been rusty. B. It was not scientific. C. It was of low quality. D. It was out of date. 4、 A. It is very cheap. B. It is difficult to say. C. It is too expensive. D. It is reasonable. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5、 A. She is busy writing a biological article. B. She is busy with a program about endangered species. C. She is busy reading some books on economics. D. She is busy with two research papers. 6、 A. Some species are impossible to conserve. B. People are less conscious of saving endangered species. C. Funds are difficult to get to conserve endangered species. D. It is difficult to determine which animals are endangered. 7、 A. The relatives of the tailed toad have been extinct. B. The varieties of the tailed toad are helpful to the research ofevolution. C.If the tailed toad is well conserved,many other species will be better saved. D.If the tailed toad was extinct,some myth about evolution would lose. 8、 A. The man is busy preparing the research paper. B. The woman should hand two papers in on the same day. C. The man is reading a hook only about biology. D. The woman is glad to make a decision on which animal to save.
Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions.Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper.Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 6、 A. The goods are out of stock. B.She is moving to anothercity. C.The salesseason is coming soon. D.She is afraidthe pricewillgo down. 7、 A. By train. B. By air. C. By ship. D. By truck. 8、 A. In three weeks. B.In two weeks. C.Next week. D.Next month. 9、 A. HR manager assistant. B. Sales manager. C. Office secretary. D. Software engineer. 10、 A. 3 weeks. B. 6 weeks. C. 3 months. D. 6 months.
题目：Describing graphs
If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the world’s busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands. The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there. From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class. The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years. In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air France-as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic. The airlines’ optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers. 1.British airlines confide in the fact that__. A.they are more powerful than other European airlines. B.their total loss won’t go beyond a drop of 5% passengers. C.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years. D.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air. 2.The author’s attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as__. A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzled.D.unrivaled. 3.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__. A.provide a comparison with Eurostar. B.support the airlines’ optimism. C.prove the inevitable drop of air passengers. D.call for electrification and modernization of the railway. 4.The railway’s Brussels route is brought forth to show that__. A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good business. B.the airlines can well compete with the railway. C.the Eurostar train service only caused little damage. D.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering. 5.The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to__. A.praise the airlines’ clear-mindedness. B.warn the airlines of high-speed rail services. C.propose a reduction of London/Paris flights. D.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model.
Writing: A statement goes that "both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing." To what degree do you agree with this statement? Write an essay of about 400 words. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.” To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race. This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality. Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy? A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population. B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase. C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year. D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality. 2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___. A.only one in ten persons could live past 40. B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places. C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions. D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children. 3.Which statement is true about population increase? A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000. B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present. C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year. D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present. 4.The author of the passage intends to___. A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future. B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650. C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years. D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth. 5.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___. A.statistics of human. B.surroundings study. C.accumulation of human. D.development of human.
How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald’s in Europe A. When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates. B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly. C. Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations, to be “locally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns. D. He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners. E. Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent. F. To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors. G. In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends. H. Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain. I. “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer. J. M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob. Notes to Reading Passage 1 1.sterling高质量的 e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有许多优秀的品质。 2. menial 不体面的, 乏味的(工作、职业) 3. spruce up打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰 4. mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动) e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是谁策划了那次抢劫。 5. underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本 Questions 1-6 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets. 2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners. 3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market. 4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned. 5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing. 6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival. Questions 7-10 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet. 7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________. A. difficult B. menial C. terrible D. excellent 8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE? A. It tends to make people fat. B. Its operations are very vague. C. It tends to exploit workers. D. It tends to treat animals cruelly. 9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result? A. “Food Studio” scheme. B. “Open Door” visitor days. C. The “McPassport” scheme. D. The Nutrition Information Initiative. 10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends? A. set up a “Food Studio” . B. established a “Design Studio”. C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors. D. employed local bosses as much as possible. Questions 11-14 Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet. 11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were …………………………. 12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to …………………………….. 13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America. 14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain.
1.The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels.But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of 'good' cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease. 2.Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib，a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs).In a trial of 15000 patients，a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone. 3.The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease."There have been no red flags to my knowledge," says John Chapman，a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib."This cancellation came as a complete shock." 4.Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs，which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body.Specifically，torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP)，which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density，plaque-promoting ones.Statins，in contrast，mainly work by lowering the 'bad' low-density lipoproteins. Under pressure 5.Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired，something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer.One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients.It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug.But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure.If blood pressure is the explanation，it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound.Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall. 6.But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed，says Moti Kashyap，who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach，California.When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver，they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process.So inhibiting CETP，which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL，might actually cause an abnormal and irreversible accumulation of cholesterol in the body."You're blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway," says Kashyap.Going up 7.Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients.But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood.One approved drug，called niacin，is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling.Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone.Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by，for example，introducing synthetic HDLs."The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib，not the whole idea of raising HDL," says Michael Miller，director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center，Baltimore. Questions 7-13 Match torcetrapib，HDLs，statin and CETP with their functions (Questions 8-13)..Write the correct letter A，B，C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once. 7.It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial. 8.It could help rid human body of cholesterol. 9.Researchers are yet to find more about it. 10.It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol. 11.According to Kashyap，it might lead to unwanted result if it's blocked. 12.It produced contradictory results in different trials. 13.It could inhibit LDLs.List of choices A.TorcetrapicB.HDLSC.StatinD.CETP