Insurancecontractisessentiallyacontractbetweenthecarrierandtheinsuredforcargoinsurance.

Normallythemarinebillofladinghasthreefunctions，namely（）.

Asaconsolidator,theforwarderwillprovidetheserviceinhisownnameandissuea（）

Fumiionorderedbecauseofillnessofthecrewundertimecharteringshallbeforcharterer’saccount.

Under the ve chartering ，the shipowner is responsible for the fixed running expenses aswell as for the ve expenses .