According to a certain type of rate, a shipper cannot be charged less than theappropriate rate of 4kg in most cases, even though his particular consignment mayweigh less than this, we call this type of rate （）.
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Underthevechartering，theshipownerisresponsibleforthefixedrunningexpensesaswellasfortheveexpenses.
Accordingtoacertaintypeofrate,ashippercannotbechargedlessthantheappropriaterateof4kginmostcases,eventhoughhisparticularconsignmentmayweighlessthanthis,wecallthistypeofrate（）.
Whentheforwarderpacksthegoodsonbehalfoftheexporter,heshouldconsiderthe（）.