简要比较短时记忆和长时记忆的特点。
①功能：短时记忆是操作性的，长时记忆是备用性的
②容量：短时记忆的容量是7±2个组块，长时记忆的容量很大
③表征：短时记忆以视觉或听觉的表象表征为主，也可以用抽象的语义命题表征;长时记忆的表达较复杂，一种观点认为陈述性知识以命题网络表征，程序性知识以产生式系统表征;另一种观点认为，长时记忆中的信息既可用语义编码，也可用形象编码。
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Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature，sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.PeoplelivinginBakersfield，forinstance，canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain，thefertileSanJoaquinValley，thearidMojaveDesert，andthehighSierraNevada，allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday，withouthavingtotravellongdistance.ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia，andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska)。MountWhitney，14，494feetabovesealevel，isseparatedfromDeathValley，282feetbelowsealevel，byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.Californiahasdeep，clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe，thedeepestinthecountry，butitalsohasshallow，saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo，12，020feetabovesealevel，andthelowestlakeinthecountry，theSaltonSea，236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes，likeOwensLakeinDeathValley，arenotlakesatall：theyaredrieduplakebeds.Inadditiontomountains，lakes，valleys，deserts，andplateaus，CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline，stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.
1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?
A.LakeTulainyoB.MojavedesertC.DeathValleyD.TheSaltonSea
2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?
A.LakeTahoe.
B.SierraNevada.C.MountWhitney.
D.Alaska.
3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?
A.About3miles.
D.14，494feet.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?
A.ThePacificOcean.
B.SanJoaquinValley.
C.MojaveDesert.
D.OregonandWashington.
5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?
A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.
B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.
C.SierraNevada，SanJoaquinValley，MojaveDesertandthePacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.
D.OwensLake，inDeathValley，isnotreallyalakeatall.
____thecenterofourplanetarysystemwasconsideredasheresybythechurchintheMiddleAges.
Theeldestchildisthoroughly（）becausetheyalwaysgivehimwhateverhewant.
GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas____todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.