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Part I Reading Comprehension Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: In Washington D.C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States. Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. at this time, the city of Washington itself was being built; it was to be the nation’s new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L’Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L’Enfant then planned they city. The president’s home was an important part of the plan. A contest was held to pick a design for the president’s home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone. President Washington never lived in the President Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs. Adams did not really like hew new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm! In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. Theu burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace. After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president’s homes. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House. The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public. 1. The White House was built in Washington . A. because a French engineer was invited to design it B. because President George Washington liked to live in it C. because the British invaders lived in it in 1812-1814 D. because it was to be the nation’s capital city 2. The Presidential Palace was . A. painted gray and white B. made of gray stone C. made of white stone D. made very warm in winter 3. The president’s home and the city of Washington were . A. built by the American army B. built by the British troops C. planned by George Washington D. planned by the French 4. The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt . A. because John Adam’s wife did not like it B. because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplaces C. because it had burned down during the war D. because George Washington was not willing to live in it 5. The new presidential home was painted white to . A. cover the marks of fire B. attract tourist from France C. to please Mrs. John Adams D. keep it warm in winter
某水利工程经监理工程师批准的施工网络进度计划如下图(单位：天) 合同约定：如工程工期提前，奖励标准为10000 元/ 天;如工程工规延误，支付违约金标准为 10000 元/ 天。当工程施工按计划进行到第110 天末时，因承包人的施工设备故障造成E 工作中断施工。为保证工程顺利完成，有关人员提出以下施工调整方案：方案一：修复设备。设备修复后E 工作继续进行，修复时间是20 天; 方案二：调剂设备。 B 工作所用的设备能满足E 工作的需要，故使用 B 工作的设备完成 E工作未完成工作量，其它工作均按计划进行; 方案三：租赁设备。租赁设备的运输安装调试时间为10 天。设备正式使用期间支付租赁费用，其标准为 350 元/ 天。问题 1. 计算施工网络进度计划的工期以及E 工作的总时差，并指出施工网络进度计划的关键线路。 2. 若各项工作均按最早开始时间施工，简要分析采用哪个施工调整方案较合理。 3. 根据分析比较后采用的施工调整方案，绘制调整后的施工网络进度计划并用双箭线标注关键线路(网络进度计划中应将E 工作分解为 E1和E2，其中 E1表示已完成工作，E2 表示未完成工作) 。
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it. 1.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A.by copying what other people do. B.by making mistakes and having them corrected. C.by listening to explanations from skilled people. D.by asking a great many questions. 2.What does the author think teachers do which they should not do? A.They give children correct answers. B.They point out children’s mistakes to them. C.They allow children to mark their own work. D.They encourage children to mark to copy from one another. 3.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___. A.not really important skills. B.more important than other skills. C.basically different from learning adult skills. D.basically the same as learning other skills. 4.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___. A.educated persons. B.the children themselves. C.teachers. D.parents. 5.The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___. A.too independent of others. B.too critical of themselves. C.incapable to think for themselves. D.incapable to use basic skills.
社区劳动保障统计调查的基本方法有哪些?
Bernard Bailyn has recentlyreinterpretedthe early historyof the United States by applyingnew socialresearchfindingson theexperiencesofEuropean migrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomes the organizingprinciplefor rewritingthe historyofpreindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.The firstof these asserts that residentsof early modern England moved regularlyabouttheir countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although atfirstthe colonies held littlepositiveattractionfor the English D they would rather havestayed home D by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America becausethey regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to thenotion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical NewWorld community.For example, the economic and demographiccharacterof early New Englandtowns varied considerably.Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the manythousands of migrants:one group came as indenturedservants,another came to acquire land.Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruitedindentured servants were the drivingforces of transatlanticmigration.These colonialentrepreneurshelped determine the socialcharacterof people who came to preindustrialNorth America.At first,thousands ofunskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730's, however, American employers demandedskilled artisans.Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of theEuropean culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were partof an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonialperiphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, asBailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But whatof seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built adistinguished university, and published books Bailyn might respond that New England wasexceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans hadpowerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indenturedservantswho migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with thepolitical development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests howwe might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for theperiod during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprisingthat as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headedwest to ensure theirpersonal independence by acquiringland. Thus, it is in the west thata peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious ofauthority and intensely anti-aristocratic. 1.Which of the followingstatements about migrants to colonialNorth America is supportedby information in the text [A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indenturedservants than as free agents interested in acquiring land. [B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful atmaking a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. [C] Migrants to colonialNorth America were more successfulat acquiringtheir own landduring the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century. [D] By the 1730's,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by Americanemployers than were unskilled laborers. 2.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to [A] Give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of thecolonies and England. [B] Describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved theirculture in the United States. [C] Take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated tocolonial North America specifically to acquire land. [D] Relate the experience of the migrants to the politicalvalues that eventuallyshapedthe character of the United States. 3.Which of the following best summarizes the author's evaluation of Bailyn's fourthproposition [A] It is totally implausible. [B] It is partially acceptable. [C] It is highly admirable. [D] It is controversial though persuasive. 4.According to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the followingstatementsabout the culture of colonial New England [A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England. [B] The culturalachievements of colonialNew England have generallybeen unrecognizedby historians. [C] The colonistsimitatedthe high cultureof England ， and did not develop a culturethat was uniquely their own. [D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England. 5.The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the followingstatements about Bailyn's work [A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture. [B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain. [C] Bailyn'sdescriptionof thecoloniesas part of an Anglo-American empireis misleading and incorrect. [D] Bailyn failedto test his propositionson a specificgroup of migrants to colonialNorth America.
某大型水电站工地，施工单位 A在重力坝浇筑过程中，管理人员只在作业现场的危险区悬挂了警示牌，夜间施工时，却发生了高空坠落死亡3人的事故。工程建设期间，还时常发生当地群众到建设管理单位及施工工地大量聚集事件。当工程某隐蔽部位的一道工序施工结束，在未通知监理人员到场检验的情况下，为赶施工进度，项目经理就紧接着指挥完成下道工序的浇筑。【问题】 (1)A单位施工安全考核能否通过?为什么 ? (2)A单位在完成隐蔽工程后，在未通知监理人员到场检查的情况下，能否将隐蔽部位覆盖以进行下一道工序的施工?为什么 ? (3)施工单位遇到大量群众到施工现场阻扰施工事件时，应如何处理?
某新建单线铁路工程设计行车速度为160km/h，全长 189km，其中简支 T 梁有 360孔，设计为跨区间无缝线路，站线铺轨28km，沿线有十多家石料场，其中铺轨与架梁由一个工程局公司总承包，接轨站位于繁忙的铁路干线上，站内有大量平地。问题： 1. 选择铺架方案，并加以解释。 2. 建设单位要求 7 个月完成铺架，请确定有关施工进度。 3. 简述跨区间无缝线路施工方案与施工步序。 4. 简述该工程铺架施工应投入的主要机械设备。
Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: The idea of a special day to honor mothers was first put forward in America in 1907. two years later a woman, Mrs. John Bruce Dodd, in the state of Washington proposed a similar day to honor the head of the family—the father. Her mother died when she was very young, and her father brought her up. She loved her father very much. In response to Mrs. Dodd’s idea that same year—1909, the state governor of Washington proclaimed (宣布) the third Sunday in June Father’s Day. The idea was officially approved by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. in 1924, President Calvin Coolidge recommended national observance of the occasion “to establish more intimate (亲密) relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations.” The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father’s Day flower. Father’s Day took longer to establish on a national scale than Mother’s Day, but as the idea grained popularity, tradesmen and manufacturers began to see the commercial possibilities. They encouraged sons and daughters to honor their fathers with small thank-you presents, such as a tie or pair of socks, as well as by sending greeting cards. During the Second World War, American servicemen stationed in Britain began to request Father’s Day greeting cards to send home. This generated a response with British card publishers. Though at first the British public was slow to accept this rather artificial day, it’s now well celebrated in Britain on the third Sunday in June in much the same way as in America. Father’s Day seems to be much less important as occasion than the Mother’s Day. Not many of the children offer their fathers some presents. But the American fathers still think they are much better fated than the fathers of many other countries, who have not even a day for their sake in name only. 11. When did Father’s Day officially begin to have national popularity? A. 1907 B. 1909 C. 1916 D. 1924 12. Who first started the idea of holding the Father’s Day? A. Mrs. John Bruce Dodd B. Mrs. John Bruce’s Mother C. The government of Washington. D. Some businessmen. 13. What flower will be popular on Father’s Day? A. Lily B. Water Lily C. Red rose or white rose D. Sunflower. 14. Which statement is true, a according to this passage? A. It took even longer for Mother’s Day to gain national popularity. B. The businessmen helped to make Father’s Day popular. C. Father’s Day is only celebrated in America. D. Father’s Day is only a trick of the businessmen to make money. 15. What was the first reaction of the British publishing towards Father’s Day? A. They thought highly of it and accepted it at once. B. They just accepted it at once without any hesitation. C. They just thought it a joke. D. They thought it was too artificial and took a long time to accept.
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A) Do some typing. B) Buy some paper. C) Ask the man to type. D) Want to run with the man. 2.A) 10:50 B) 10:15 C) 10:48 D) 10:52 3. A) Husband and wife. B) A girl and her boyfriend. C) Teacher and student. D) Old friends. 4. A)Policeman. B)Salesman. C) Car driver. D) Conductor. 5. A) In a school. B) In a theater. C) In a restaurant. D) At home. 6. A) She agreed. B) She disagreed. C) She was impatient. D) She was worried. 7. A) Something cold. B) Coffee. C) Tea. D) Something hot. 8. A) Gold. B) Blue. C) Brown. D) Black. 9. A) He didn ’knowtwhere to find the professor. B) He had difficulty doing the experiment. C) He failed the exam. D) He couldn ’graduatetfrom the university. 10. A) The man is coughing. B) The man gave up smoking. C) The man has a lung disease. D) The man has a heart attack
翻译训练：筷子(chopsticks) 是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具 (diningutensils) ，至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”，大约从明朝开始才有了 “筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。