PartIVTranslation

Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.(PassageFour)

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thecowboyistheheroofmanymovies,.Heis,eventoday,asymbolofcourageandadventure.Butwhatwasthelifeofthecowboyreallylike?

Thecowboy’sjobisclearfromthewordcowboy.Cowboyweremenwhotookcareofcowsandothercattle.ThecattlewereintheWestandinTexas.PeopleinthecitiesoftheEastwantedbeefthesecattle.Trainscouldtakethecattleeast.Butfirstthecattlehadtogettothetrains.Partofthecowboy’sjobwastotakethecattlehundredsofmilestotherailroadtown.Thetripswerecalledcattledrivers.Acattledriveusuallytookseveralmonths.Cowboysrodeforsixteenhoursaday.Becausetheyrodesomuch,eachcowboybroughtalongabouteighthorses.Acowboychangedhorsesseveraltimeseachday.

Thecowboyshadtomakesurethatcattlearrivedsafely.Beforestartingonadrive,thecowboysbrandedthecattle.Theyburnedamarkonthecattletoshowwhotheybelongedto.Butthesemarksdidn’tstoprustlers,orcattlethieves.Cowboyshadtoprotectthecattlefromrustlers.Rustlersmadethedangeroustripevenmoredangerous.

Eventhoughtheirworkwasverydifficultanddangerous,cowboysdidnotearnmuchmoney.Theywerepaidbadly.Yetcowboyslikedtheirwayoflife.Theylivedinawildandopencountry.Theylivedalifeofadventureandfreedom.

11.Acowboyisasymbolof.

A.courageandadventureB.ahardlifeandbigpay

C.moviesinthepastD.cowsandothercattle

12.Thecowboys’jobwas.

A.tobeaheroinreallifeB.tobeaheroofthemovie

C.totakecareofcattleD.tobeadangerousrustler

13.Duringacattledriver,cowboystookagroupofcowsfromawildandopencountryto.

A.theWeststatesandTexasB.thecitiesoftheEastStates

C.thepeoplewhoeatbeefincitiesD.therailroadtownshundredmilesaway

14.Ontheirwayofcattledrivers,thecowboysprotectedthecattleby.

A.burningamarkontheircowsB.keepinganeyeoncattlethieves

C.makingthetripmoredangerousD.lookingaftereightcowseachperson

15.Cowboysenjoyedthemselvesbecause.

A.theylikedtheirwayoflifeB.theymadealotofmoney

C.theyhadavarydifficultjobD.theywereheroesinmovies

Youhaveyourchoiceofthree_____oficecream.

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

TheideaofaspecialdaytohonormotherswasfirstputforwardinAmericain1907.twoyearslaterawoman,Mrs.JohnBruceDodd,inthestateofWashingtonproposedasimilardaytohonortheheadofthefamily—thefather.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasveryyoung,andherfatherbroughtherup.Shelovedherfatherverymuch.

InresponsetoMrs.Dodd’sideathatsameyear—1909,thestategovernorofWashingtonproclaimed(宣布)thethirdSundayinJuneFather’sDay.TheideawasofficiallyapprovedbyPresidentWoodrowWilsonin1916.in1924,PresidentCalvinCoolidgerecommendednationalobservanceoftheoccasion“toestablishmoreintimate(亲密)relationsbetweenfathersandtheirchildren,andtoimpressuponfathersthefullmeasureoftheirobligations.”TheredorwhiteroseisrecognizedastheofficialFather’sDayflower.

Father’sDaytooklongertoestablishonanationalscalethanMother’sDay,butastheideagrainedpopularity,tradesmenandmanufacturersbegantoseethecommercialpossibilities.Theyencouragedsonsanddaughterstohonortheirfatherswithsmallthank-youpresents,suchasatieorpairofsocks,aswellasbysendinggreetingcards.

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,AmericanservicemenstationedinBritainbegantorequestFather’sDaygreetingcardstosendhome.ThisgeneratedaresponsewithBritishcardpublishers.ThoughatfirsttheBritishpublicwasslowtoacceptthisratherartificialday,it’snowwellcelebratedinBritainonthethirdSundayinJuneinmuchthesamewayasinAmerica.

Father’sDayseemstobemuchlessimportantasoccasionthantheMother’sDay.Notmanyofthechildrenoffertheirfatherssomepresents.ButtheAmericanfathersstillthinktheyaremuchbetterfatedthanthefathersofmanyothercountries,whohavenotevenadayfortheirsakeinnameonly.

11.WhendidFather’sDayofficiallybegintohavenationalpopularity?

A.1907B.1909C.1916D.1924

12.WhofirststartedtheideaofholdingtheFather’sDay?

A.Mrs.JohnBruceDoddB.Mrs.JohnBruce’sMother

C.ThegovernmentofWashington.D.Somebusinessmen.

13.WhatflowerwillbepopularonFather’sDay?

A.LilyB.WaterLilyC.RedroseorwhiteroseD.Sunflower.

14.Whichstatementistrue,aaccordingtothispassage?

A.IttookevenlongerforMother’sDaytogainnationalpopularity.

B.ThebusinessmenhelpedtomakeFather’sDaypopular.

C.Father’sDayisonlycelebratedinAmerica.

D.Father’sDayisonlyatrickofthebusinessmentomakemoney.

15.WhatwasthefirstreactionoftheBritishpublishingtowardsFather’sDay?

A.Theythoughthighlyofitandaccepteditatonce.

B.Theyjustaccepteditatoncewithoutanyhesitation.

C.Theyjustthoughtitajoke.

D.Theythoughtitwastooartificialandtookalongtimetoaccept.

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Successfulinnovationshavedrivenmanyoldertechnologiestoextinctionandhaveresultedinhigherproductivity,greaterconsumptionofenergy,increaseddemandofrawmaterials,acceleratedflowofmaterialsthroughtheeconomyandincreasedquantitiesofmetalsandothersubstancesinuseeachperson.Thehistoryofindustrialdevelopmentaboundswithexamples.

In1870,horsesandmulesweretheprimesourceofpoweronU.S.farms.Onehorseormulewasrequiredtosupportfourhumanbeingsaratiothatremainedalmostconstantformanydecades.Atthattime,hadanationalcommissionbeenaskedtoforecastthepopulationfor1970,itsanswerprobablywouldhavedependedonwhetheritsconsultantswereofaneconomicortechnologicalturnofmind.Hadtheybeen“economists”,theywouldprobablyhaveprojectedthe1970horsesormulepopulationtobemorethan50million.Hadtheybeen“technologists”,theywouldhaverecognizedthatthepowerofsteamhadalreadybeenharnessedtoindustryandtolearnandoceantransport.Theywouldhaverecognizedfurtherthatitwouldbetheprimesourceofpoweronthefarm.Itwouldhavebeendifficultforthemtoavoidtheconclusionthatthehorseandmulepopulationwoulddeclinerapidly.

16.Accordingtothepassage,whatsuppliedmostofthepoweronU.S.farmsin1870?

A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasaconsequenceofnewtechnologicaldevelopments?

A.Oldertechnologiesdieaway.

B.ThequalityoflifeisImproved.

C.Overallproductivityincrease.

D.Morerawmaterialsbecomenecessary.

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatby1870.

A.technologybegantobemoreeconomical

B.thesteamenginehadbeeninvented

C.theU.S.horsepopulationwasabout10million

D.anationalcommissionwasabout10million

19.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat“economists”would.

A.plantheeconomythroughyearlyforecasts

B.failtoconsidertheinfluenceoftechnologicalinnovation

C.valuetheeconomiccontributionoffarmanimals

D.consultthenationalcommissionontheeconomy

20.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardchangesbroughtonbytechnologicalinnovations?

A.Heisexcitedaboutthem.

B.Heacceptthemasnatural.

C.Heisdisturbedbythem.

D.Hequestionstheirusefulness.