Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshowntat40percentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesatemorepronetogetcertainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchersrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditives,causedcancer.Yetthesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditivesthatweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimessimilardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.
6.Howhassciencedoneadisservicetomankind?
A.Becauseofscience,mostofthefoodsweeattodayarecontaminated.
B.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.
C.Asaresultofscientificintervention,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshasbeenaddedtoourfood.
D.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.
7.Whatarenitratesusedfor?
A.Theypreservesflavorinpackagedfoods.
B.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.
C.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.
D.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.
8.TheFDAhastriedrepeatedlytocontrol.
A.theattempttofattentheanimals
B.theattempttocuresickanimals
C.theusingofdrugstoanimals
D.theusingofadditivestopreservethedoloroffood
9.Theword“carcinogenic”meansmostnearlythesameas.
A.trouble-makingB.color-retaining
C.money-savingD.cancer-causing
10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons.
B.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimals.
C.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialhazardsofthefoodadditivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.
D.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerintheworld.
CBCDA
暂无解析
PartIReadingComprehension
Directions:Inthisparttherearefourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourcomprehensionquestions.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Askthreepeopletolookthesamewindowatabusystreetcornerandtellyouwhattheysee.Chancesareyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonseesthesamescene,buteachperceivessomethingdifferentaboutit.
Perceivinggoesoninourminds.Ofthethreepeoplewholookoutthewindow,onemaysaythatheseesapolicemangivingamotoristaticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesarush-hourtrafficjamattheintersection.Thethirdmaytellyouthatheseesawomantryingtocrossthestreetwithfourchildrenintow.Forperceptionisthemind’sinterpretationofwhatthesenses—inthiscaseoureyes—tellus.
Manypsychologiststodayareworkingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaroundhim.Usingascientificapproach,thesepsychologistssetupexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallofthefactors.Bymeasuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivetotallydifferentthingsaboutthesamescene.
1.Seeingandperceivingare.
A.thesameaction
B.twoseparateactions
C.twoactionscarriedonentirelybyeyes
D.severalactionsthattakeplaceatdifferenttimes
2.Perceivingisanactionthattakesplace.
A.inoureyes
B.onlywhenwethinkveryhardaboutsomething
C.onlyunderthedirectionofapsychologist
D.ineveryperson’smind
3.Peopleperceivedifferentthingsaboutthesamescenebecause.
A.theyseedifferentthingsB.somehavebettereyesight
C.theycannotagreeaboutthingsD.noneofthese
4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassage?
A.Psychologistsdonotyetknowpeoplesee.
B.Theexperimentsinwhichallfactorsarecontrolledarebetter.
C.Thestudyofperceptionisgoingonnow.
D.Perceptiondoesnotinvolvepsychologicalfactors.
5.Thebesttitleforthisselectionis.
A.HowWeSee
B.LearningaboutOurMindsthroughScience
C.WhatPsychologistsPerceive
D.HowtoBecauseanExperimentalPsychologist
翻译：
Asthesourceofaluminumisalmostinexhaustible,wecanexpectthatmoreandmoreuseswillbefoundforthisversatilemetal.(PassageTwo)
Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute,Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”
Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.
Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.
Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.
1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?
A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.
B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.
C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.
D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.
2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause___.
A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.
B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.
C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions.
D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.
3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?
A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.
B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.
C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.
D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.
4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto___.
A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.
B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650.
C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears.
D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth.
5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans___.
A.statisticsofhuman.
B.surroundingsstudy.
C.accumulationofhuman.
D.developmentofhuman.
Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe________.