汉译英;但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说"一半一半"，相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。
But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had make themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.
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I don’t have as ______ money as before, but my li fe is more ______.
—I came to your office yesterday morning, but nobody was in.
—Oh, we__________ a meeting in the meeting room.
I am sorry I have no time at present to ____more detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.
-Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.
-Whatdoyousuppose_____toher?
As Gilbert White，Darwin ， and others observed long ago， all species appear to have theinnate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task forecologistsis to untangle the environmentaand biologicalfactorsthat hold this intrinsiccapacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamicbehaviorsexhibitedby differentpopulationmakes thistaskmore difficult：sompopulations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles ofabundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that arein some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscopeof patterns ， one school of thought proposesdividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steadypopulations havedensity-dependent growth parameters; that is， rates ofbirth ， death ，and migrationwhich depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populationshave density-independent growth parameters， with vital rates buffeted by environmentalevents ;these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses， but it can cause problems if taken too literally. Forone thing ， no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all thetime. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth， death ， and migration rates may befluctuatingaround theirlong-termaverages ， ifthere were no density-dependenteffects ，the populationwould ， in the long run ， eitherincrease or decrease without bound (barringa miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。 Put another way， it may be thaton average 99 percent of all deaths in a populationarise from density-independentcauses ，and only one percent from factors varying with density.The factorsmaking up the one percentmay seem unimportant， and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet，whether recognized or not， they will usually determine the long-term average populationdensity.In order to understand the nature of theecologist ’s investigation， we may think ofthe density-dependent effectson growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying toisolateand interpret， one that tends to make the population increase from relativelylowvalues or decrease from relatively high ones， while the density-independent effects actto produce noise in the populationdynamics.For populationsthatremain relativelyconstant ， or that oscillate around repeated cycles， the signal can be fairly easilycharacterized and its effects described， even though the causative biological mechanismmay remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations， we are likely to have toofew observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise.But it now seems clear that all populationsare regulatedby a mixture of density-dependentand density-independent effects in varying proportions.
1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with
[A] Discussing two categories of factorsthat controlpopulationgrowth and assessingtheir relative importance.
[B] Describinghow growth ratesin naturalpopulationsfluctuateover time andexplaining why these changes occur.
[C] Proposing a hypothesisconcerning population size and suggesting ways to test it.
[D] Posing a fundamental question about environmentalfactorsin populationgrowth andpresenting some currently accepted answer.
2. It can be inferred from the text that the author considers the dichotomy discussedto be
[A] Applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.
[B] instrumental， but only if its limitations are recognized.
[C] Dangerously misleading in most circumstances.
[D] A complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.
3.to the text ， allof the followingbehaviors have been exhibitedby differentpopulations EXCEPT
[A] Roughly constant population levels from year to year.
[B] Regular cycles of increases and decreases in numbers.
[C] Erratic increases in numbers correlated with the weather.
[D] Unchecked increases in numbers over many generations.
4. The discussion concerning population in the third paragraph serves primarily to
[A] Demonstrate the difficultiesecologistsface in studying density-dependentfactorslimiting population growth.
[B] Advocate more rigorous study of density-dependent factors in population growth.
[C] Prove that the death rates of any populationare never entirelydensity-independent.
[D] underline the importance of even small density-dependent factors in regulatinglong-term population densities.
5. In the text， the author does all of the following EXCEPT
[A] Cite the views of other biologists.
[B] Define a basic problem that the text addresses.
[C] Present conceptual categories used by other biologists.
[D] Describe the results of a particular study.