滑坡的主要形态要素有哪些?-查字典考试网

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名词解释:土的抗剪强度

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产生流土现象的充分必要条件是（）

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土体达到极限平衡时，剪切破坏面与大主应力σ1作用面的夹角为（）

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Passage2 Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Therearetwokindsofmemory:shot-termandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied. HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:beginning,intermediate,andnative-speakingstudents. Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered,eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whether,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest. HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning’sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory. 6.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy. A.howstudentsrememberEnglishvocabularybyshort-termmemory B.howstudentslearnEnglishvocabulary C.howtodevelopstudents’abilityinEnglish D.howlonginformationinshort-termmemoryiskept 7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemory. B.Long-termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining. C.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory. D.Henninggaveaseparatetestonvocabularytohisstudents. 8.FromHenning’sresultwecanseethat. A.beginnershavedifficultydistinguishingthepronunciationofwords B.advancedstudentsrememberwordsbytheirmeaning C.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthatsoundalike D.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthathavethesamemeaning 9.Theword“subjects”inthepassagemeans. A.memoryB.thethemeoflisteningmaterial C.abranchofknowledgestudiedD.thestudentsexperimentedon
某中学女生严某考试时在试卷下面放着写着公式的纸条，被监考老师发现并予没收。考试结束后学校认为严某考试作弊，态度恶劣，于是对其做出勒令退学的处分决定。严某对处分决定不服，向校方提出申诉，但校方长时间不给予任何书面答复。阅读以上案例，回答下列问题： 1.本案中所涉及的法律关系主体有哪些?要求：分析准确，条理清晰，字数200字左右。 2.当事人违反了什么法律?应当承担什么责任? 3.本案对你有哪些启示?
PartIIVocabularyandStructure Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet. 21.Agreatmanycancerscanbecuredbutonlyifbeforetheyhavebeguntospreadorcolonizeinotherpartsofthebody. A.properlytreat B.properlytreating C.beingproperlytreated D.properlytreated 22.sheisalikeablegirl,sheisverydifficulttoworkwith. A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsfarasD.While 23.Allthetouristsgavetherobbertheirmoney. A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightful 24.herage,shereallydidagoodjobinsuchashorttime. A.GivingB.GivesC.GiveD.Given 25.Thesoldierwaswithneglectinghisduty. A.chargedB.conductedC.chargedD.committed 26.Thereasonwhythecarstoppedwas. A.becausetheroadwasnotgoodB.thattheroadwasnotgood C.duetothebadroadD.becauseofthebadroad 27.You’dbetterhurry,youmightbelateforclass. A.orB.andC.unlessD.but 28.,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess. A.ItwasexpectedB.Whichwasexpected C.AswasexpectedD.Thatwasexpected 29.ThedoctorfeltJohn’sarmtoifthebonewasbroken. A.workoutB.findoutC.lookatD.seeout 30.Hejustmysuggestionatthemeetingyesterday. A.putawayB.shutdownC.showedoffD.brushedaside 31.Thequestionatthenextmeetingremainasecret. A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed 32.Hislazinesshisfailureinthefinalexam. A.gaveupB.contributedC.resultedinD.distributed 33.Theteacher’stomystatementaboutthispoetledmetoreadwidelyaboutpoems. A.changeB.chargeC.challengeD.chance 34.Onmostofthenights,Janereadinglettersfromherboyfriend. A.stayedoffB.stayedonC.stayedoutD.stayedup 35.Thefirst-yearstudentswerelearningformthearmyinMiyun,asuburbofBeijingnearIlived. A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which 36.Lyndaandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimthepostoftypist. A.approachedB.appliedforC.appealedtoD.approvedof 37.Anybodyisentitledtosuchbenefitofageorsex. A.regardlessB.whetherC.inspiteD.incase 38.Inthisbuildingeachapartmentcouldafamilyofsix. A.houseB.coverC.makeD.include 39.Itriedtogetoutofthebusiness,Ifoundimpossible. A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what 40.Whenheexplaineditagainandagain,thestudent’spatience. A.ranoverB.ranonC.ranoutD.ranoff 41.WhenherneighborGrandmaWangbecameill,thegirloften. A.fittedinB.workedoutC.heldbackD.helpedout 42.Ifyoureallywanttoapplyforthedangerousjob,Iwon’t,thoughtIthinkit’sacrazyidea. A.stoodinyourwayB.standontheway C.standinyourwayD.standbytheway 43.Hewastryingtoread;,thephonekeptringing. A.meanwhileB.thenC.laterD.afterwards 44.Iamoutofthosepeoplewholikeastrenuous(费力的)holiday;Ibelievein. A.tookiteasyB.takeniteasy C.takingiteasyD.takingiteasily 45.Thepolicematchedthefingerprintsandfoundtheywere. A.equivalentB.identicalC.similarD.equal 46.Formally,intheUnitedStates,manynursesworkedasprivatedutynursesinhospitals. A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherthan 47.Ifyoudon’tmind.Idomyhomeworkthanplaycardswithyou. A.hadbetterB.preferC.wouldratherD.wouldlike 48.Theirideawastogetustothestrikeatonce. A.callatB.calloffC.callinD.callfor 49.MycarsoIhadtocomebybus. A.felldownB.brokedownC.felloverD.turnedaway 50.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface. A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.explanation 51.Whichis,NorthAmericaorSouthAmerica? A.biggestB.thebiggestC.morebiggestD.bigger 52.Youshouldobservecarefullyhowtheaudiencehisspeech. A.reachtoB.refertoC.reacttoD.relateto 53.Thesefarmersgotagoodharvestlastyear,sotheyabigsumofmoneyfornewfarmmachines. A.setasideB.setaboutC.setupD.setback 54.Oneofmysayingsis“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.” A.likelyB.favorableC.alikeD.favorite 55.Allisacontinuoussupplyoffueloil. A.whatisneededB.thatisneeded C.thethingisneededD.fortheirneeds 56.Thehighincometaxisharmfulitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore. A.inthatB.thatC.inwhichD.which 57.Anewtechniqueout,theyieldincreasesby20%. A.havingworkingB.havingbeenworked C.atalossD.forgood 58.Thebirdflewintotheairandwassoon. A.outofsightB.inahurryC.atalossD.forgood 59.ItisdecidedthatheforabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing. A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranges 60.Iknowit’snotimportantbutIcan’thelpaboutit. A.tothinkB.thinkingC.andthinkD.beingthought
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION PASSAGEONE (1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmerican character.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority. (2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21. (3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S. (4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfit intothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo. (5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus. (6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfind thisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit. (7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates. 1.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________. A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities 2.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues? A.Comparison D.Causeandeffect C.Definition D.Processanalysis
跟上司起争执，闹得不愉快，怎么办?
线路停电检修时发电厂和变电所内应做好哪些安全措施?
Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedofexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid. Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You’redumb,”“You’relazy,”and“You’redishonest,”mayalsosay“No!”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou’regoodlooking.” Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes. 1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if___. A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas. B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings. C.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords. D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords. 2.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means___. A.I’mjustcallingyourattention. B.I’mjustkidding. C.I’mjustsayingtheopposite. D.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound. 3.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans___. A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears. B.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep. C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault. D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared. 4.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif___. A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness. B.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehavior. C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence. D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges. 5.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone___. A.withouttrueintention. B.light-heartedly. C.inawayofceremony. D.withlessemphasis.
PartIIVocabularyandStructure Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet. 21.thedifficultiesassociatedwiththeproject,we’llgoonwithit. A.GivenB.InspiteofC.ThanktoD.Becauseof 22.Itwasalmostdarkinthestreetsafewverypowerfulspotlights. A.excludingB.butforC.exceptD.exceptfor 23.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday. A.WouldheleaveB.Ifheleaves C.WasheleavingD.Werehetoleave 24.Hegavemesomeveryadviceonbuyingahouse. A.preciousB.expensiveC.wealthyD.dear 25.Hisgoalisnottobecomeasportsman,achampioninacertainfield. A.butratherbecameB.butrathertobecome C.butratherbecomingD.butrathertobecoming 26.Ijustmetheronthewayhomefromthebookstore. A.onpurposeB.byaccidentC.inaccidentD.incase 27.Idon’tknowabouthim,commentonhimbehindhisback. A.letaloneB.letgoC.leavealoneD.takeleave 28.Mytransistorradioisoutoforder.It. A.needtoberepairedB.needrepairing C.needsrepairingD.needstorepair 29.Noonecouldtellusanythingaboutthestranger. A.consciousB.mysteriousC.seriousD.previous 30.Maryallfoolishcommentsandkeptonworking. A.excludedB.ignoredC.deniedD.discharged 31.Iagreewithhim,butnotentirely. A.untilacertainpointB.tosomepoint C.tosomeextentD.untilacertainextent 32.Peopleinsomepartsoftheworldoftentaketheirwaterfor.theyuseasmuchwaterastheywish. A.grantedB.sureC.certainD.pleasure 33.Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttobetweenblueandgreen. A.separateB.compareC.contrastD.distinguish 34.Thousandsofpeopleonthecitytowelcomethevisitingguests. A.turnedoffB.turnedupC.turnedoutD.turnedover 35.Themountainplaceisbeautiful,buttheworkingconditions,it’sterrible. A.whenmentionedB.whenitcomesto C.whenitissaidD.whenitdiesto 36.Areyouspendingmoremoneyonthespaceprogram? A.infavorofB.byfavorofC.infavortoD.outoffavor 37.Intheofmyparents,standardsofeducationinthepublicschoolareactuallyfalling. A.ideaB.thoughtC.opinionD.principle 38.fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”. A.SeeingB.TobeseenC.SeenD.havingseen 39.Thisyear’stotaloutputvalueofindustryandagriculturewillincrease5percentoverlastyears. A.byB.toC.ofD.with 40.Maryisthetopstudentintheclass.Shestudiesharder. A.thananystudentB.thanallthestudents C.thananyotherstudentD.thansomeotherstudent 41.Manypeoplehaveappliedfortheposition. A.emptyB.bareC.vacantD.blank 42.Mynewshoescostme50yuan(RMB).ThepricewasthatthelastpairIboughtamonthago. A.twotimemorethanB.twiceasmuchas C.astwiceD.asmuchastwice 43.Almosteveryonefailedonthefirstday. A.passhisdriver’stestB.tohavepassedhisdriver’stest C.topasshisdriver’stestD.passinghisdriver’stest 44.Overthetraditionalfestivalpeoplevisiteachotherandgreetings. A.exchangeB.wishC.congratulateD.present 45.Itwasbecausehewastiredoutthathefellasleepstandingup. A.publiclyB.openlyC.speciallyD.obviously 46.Theyoungmanwasaccusedoftheladyofhermoney. A.stealingB.robbingC.takingD.grasping 47.NomatterwhereourPartyneedsus,wewillhercall. A.giveanswerforB.respondto C.haveresponsetoD.answerto 48.Itisastonishingthatapersonofyourintelligencebecheatedsoeasily. A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would 49.Wewerecompletelywhenwefinallyreachedthedestination. A.wornoffB.worndownC.wornoutD.wornaway 50.Manythingsimpossibleinthepastarecommontoday. A.consideredB.toconsiderC.consideringD.tobeconsidered 51.Notuntilmanyyearslaterknown. A.wasthewholetruthbecomeB.didthewholetruthbecome C.thewholetruthbecameD.thewholetruthhadbecame 52.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim. A.wouldtelephoneB.wouldhavetelephoned C.hadtelephonedD.musthavetelephoned 53.Thereisnopointwithhim,sincehehasalreadymadeuphismind. A.argueB.toargueC.inarguingD.ofarguing 54.Iappreciatethatletterforme. A.youtowriteB.yourwritingC.youwriteD.thatyouwriting 55.I’dliketoaspecialseatfortheconnectofMay5. A.serveB.reserveC.preserveD.conserve 56.thatsoniswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout. A.SinceB.NowC.WhenD.After 57.Generallyspeaking,allkindsofmaterialswillexpandwhenheatedbutwillwhencooled. A.contrastB.contractC.surviveD.return 58.Youwon’tknowifitfitsyouuntilyouiton. A.willtryB.aretryingC.aretotryD.havetried 59.Afteralleffortsinvain,hehadtoaccepttheresult. A.regularlyB.shallowlyC.physicallyD.painfully 60.Therestofhislifeistothecauseofinternationalexchangesofvisitingscholars. A.addedB.putC.savedD.committed
施工许可证可以延期多少次?