Theagriculturalrevolutioninthe19thcenturyinvolvedtwothings：theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedeyelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope，”saidThomasJefferson，“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland，laborbeingabundant：hereitistomakethemostofourlabor，landbeingabundant.”ItwasinAmerica，therefore，thatthegreatadvancesin19thcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame. Attheopeningofthecentury，withtheexceptionofacrudeplowfarmerscouldhavecarriedpracicallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks;by1860，mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintrodueinghisinvention.Thefarmers，however，wouldhavenoneofit，claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless，manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow，untilin1869JamesOliverofSouthBend，Indiana，turnedoutthefirstchilled-stillplow.? 1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage? a.Theneedforagriculturaladvancestohelpfeedagrowingpopulation. b.Thedevelopmentofsafermachinesdemandedbythelabormovement. c.Machinerythatcontributedtotheagriculturalrevolution. d.NewJerseyasaleaderintheagriculturalrevolution. 2.Theexpression“makethemostof”inLine4isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing? a.getthebestyieldfrom b.raisethepriceof c.makefulluseof d.earnalivingon 3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromwhatThomasJeffersonsaid? a.EuropewaschangingmorequicklythanAmerica. b.EuropehadgreaterneedoffarmmachinerythanAmericadid. c.Americawasfinallyrnningoutofgoodfarmland. d.TherewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarm. 4.Itcanbeinferredthatthewaord“here”inLine4refersto_____.a.Europe b.America c.NewJersey d.Indiana 5.Whatpointistheautormakingbystatingthatfarmerscouldcarrynearlyalltheirtoolsontheirbacks? a.Farmershadfewtoolsbeforetheagriculturalrevolution b.Americansweretraditionallyself-reliant. c.Lifeonthefarmwasextremelydifficult. d.Newtoolsweredesignedtobeportable.