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混凝土的耐久性应根据结构的（）和设计使用年限进行设计。

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单层厂房的柱间支撑作用主要是为了提高（）

A、厂房的横向刚度和稳定性
B、厂房横向排架柱的强度
C、厂房的纵向刚度和稳定性
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在梁的配筋率不变的条件下，梁高h与梁宽b相比，对受剪承载力Vu（）

A、h影响大;
B、两者相当;
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对一般要求不开裂的预应力混凝土轴心受拉构件，在荷载效应标准组合下（）

A、允许存在拉应力
B、不允许存在拉应力
C、拉应力为零
D、不一定

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肋梁楼盖设计时，为什么要对内区格板的内力进行折减?

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Part IV Translation To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House. (Passage One)
Part IV Translation The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, and native-speaking students. (Passage Two)
汉译英：茶花(camellia)的自然花期在 12 月至翌年 4 月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会，本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内 200 多个茶花品种将陆续亮相。
Bernard Bailyn has recentlyreinterpretedthe early historyof the United States by applyingnew socialresearchfindingson theexperiencesofEuropean migrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomes the organizingprinciplefor rewritingthe historyofpreindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.The firstof these asserts that residentsof early modern England moved regularlyabouttheir countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although atfirstthe colonies held littlepositiveattractionfor the English D they would rather havestayed home D by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America becausethey regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to thenotion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical NewWorld community.For example, the economic and demographiccharacterof early New Englandtowns varied considerably.Bailyn's third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the manythousands of migrants:one group came as indenturedservants,another came to acquire land.Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruitedindentured servants were the drivingforces of transatlanticmigration.These colonialentrepreneurshelped determine the socialcharacterof people who came to preindustrialNorth America.At first,thousands ofunskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730's, however, American employers demandedskilled artisans.Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of theEuropean culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were partof an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonialperiphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, asBailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But whatof seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built adistinguished university, and published books Bailyn might respond that New England wasexceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans hadpowerful effects on North American culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indenturedservantswho migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with thepolitical development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests howwe might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for theperiod during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprisingthat as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headedwest to ensure theirpersonal independence by acquiringland. Thus, it is in the west thata peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious ofauthority and intensely anti-aristocratic. 1.Which of the followingstatements about migrants to colonialNorth America is supportedby information in the text [A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indenturedservants than as free agents interested in acquiring land. [B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful atmaking a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. [C] Migrants to colonialNorth America were more successfulat acquiringtheir own landduring the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century. [D] By the 1730's,migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by Americanemployers than were unskilled laborers. 2.The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to [A] Give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of thecolonies and England. [B] Describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved theirculture in the United States. [C] Take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated tocolonial North America specifically to acquire land. [D] Relate the experience of the migrants to the politicalvalues that eventuallyshapedthe character of the United States. 3.Which of the following best summarizes the author's evaluation of Bailyn's fourthproposition [A] It is totally implausible. [B] It is partially acceptable. [C] It is highly admirable. [D] It is controversial though persuasive. 4.According to the text,Bailyn and the author agree on which of the followingstatementsabout the culture of colonial New England [A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England. [B] The culturalachievements of colonialNew England have generallybeen unrecognizedby historians. [C] The colonistsimitatedthe high cultureof England ， and did not develop a culturethat was uniquely their own. [D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England. 5.The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the followingstatements about Bailyn's work [A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture. [B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain. [C] Bailyn'sdescriptionof thecoloniesas part of an Anglo-American empireis misleading and incorrect. [D] Bailyn failedto test his propositionson a specificgroup of migrants to colonialNorth America.
Part IV Translation： It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes, in his favorite light blue ink. (Passage One)
某工程用地面积 4914.9 ㎡，是由二层地下室、五层附楼和二十五层主楼组成的建筑面积为 53864 ㎡，标准层建筑面积 1456 ㎡，附楼单层建筑面积 1686.1㎡，总高度为 110.0m的集办公与商业于一体的高层综合建筑。防火等级为一类，建筑分类为一类。目前工程正准备开工。请回答以下问题： (1)什么是“工程开工报审表”? (2)施工单位提请开工报审时，提供的附件应满足哪些条件?
Dear Sir/Madam, I am pleased to write a letter of recommendation on behalf of Sand River and its CEO, Mrs. Jane King. I am very familiar with the company. My next book deals with it in detail, which is to be published in autumn of 2018. I am also familiar with European consumer. As a Dutch citizen, I have lived in Europe for 46 years and studied European consumer behavior for decades.I believe that Sand River offers something unique to the European market. It has established long-term supply relations with herdsman ( 牧民) families and owns advanced German machinery. Thus it combines natural resources with modern manufacturing techniques. But equally important, Sand River works with modern fashion designers to create truly contemporary and appealing designs. The result is a newly-established cashmere ( 羊绒) brand that appeals to a target group of high-income women. I met Mrs. King the first time in 2013. Since then, we have met several times and talked about Sand River's philosophy, strategy, and appeal to both Chinese and international consumers. I was struck by her deep knowledge about knitting (针织) technology, her enthusiasm for the brand, and her deep understanding of the cashmere shopper. I regard her as a "woman of her word." To summarize, I believe Sand River products deserve a place in luxurious European department stores and Mrs. King is a reliable partner. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, Joan Smith 36、 Joan Smith wrote the recommendation letter on behalf of ______. A. a Dutch citizen B. herdsman families C. the European consumer D. Sand River and its CEO 37、 From the letter we can learn that Sand River ______. A. has long-term links with herdsmen B. employs many herdsman workers C. manufactures advanced machines D. sells hand-made products 38、 The target consumers of the newly-established cashmere brand are ______. A. college students B. blue-color workers C. high-income women D. average herdsman families 39、 By saying "a woman of her word" (Para. 3), the writer means that Mrs.King ______. A. always keeps her promise B. is a good public speaker C. knows customers well D. is well educated 40、 As far as the European market is concerned,the writer thinks that Sand River products ______. A. are fit for supermarkets in big cities B. are likely to enjoy a big market share C. will appeal to different kinds of customers D. deserve a place in luxurious department stores