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希腊史诗《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》得以传承保存下来的媒介形式是（）

A、印刷媒介
B、手抄媒介
C、口语媒介
D、电子媒介

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系统运行后，保证系统可靠性的技术措施主要有：设备冗余技术、负荷分布技术和()

A、双机方式
B、系统重新组合技术
C、数据拷贝
D、分级的客户-服务器技术

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结合实际，论述算术平均数作为集中量数具有的优缺点。

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人的一切行为，都是为了利益的获取。”这句话出自（）

A、马克思
B、恩格斯
C、列宁
D、毛泽东

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舆论学者艾尔贝格认为意见是

A、态度形成的基础
B、行为的准备状态
C、心理向行为过渡的临界点
D、态度的语言表达

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工作负责人(监护人)的安全责任?
Writing： Astatementgoesthat“onlythroughmistakescantherebediscoveryorprogress”.Towhatdegreedoyouagreewiththisstatement?Writeanessayofabout400words. Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary. Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances，itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackfiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthanthefacialidentityoftheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthorsSecond,howdoesBlackfictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneousRosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable，coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlackoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlywhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity;heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworksDyethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaestheticInaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanToomey’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpressionInspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism. 1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith__________. [A]Evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism.[B]Comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject. [C]Discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism. [D]Summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism. 2.TheauthorofthetextbelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimprovedhadRosenblatt__________. [A]EvaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackfiction. [B]AttemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackauthors. [C]ExploreingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackfictionthroughoutitshistory. [D]Assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically. 3.author’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas__________. [A]Pedanticandcontentious. [B]Criticalbutadmiring. [C]Ironicanddeprecating. [D]Argumentativebutunfocused.authorofthetextemploysallofthefollowinginthediscussionofRosenblatt’s 4.bookEXCEPT：__________. [A]Rhetoricalquestions. [B]Specificexamples. [C]Comparisonandcontrast. [D]Definitionofterms. 5.TheauthorofthetextreferstoJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredManmostprobablyinorderto__________. [A]pointoutaffinitiesbetweenRosenblatt’smethodofthematicanalysisandearliercriticism. [B]Clarifythepointaboutexpressionisticstylemadeearlierinthepassage. [C]QualifytheassessmentofRosenblatt’sbookmadeinthefirstparagraphofthepassage. [D]giveaspecificexampleofoneoftheaccomplishmentsofRosenblatt’swork.
领导让你负责一项工作，并安排了一位老同志协助你，但是工作中大家都只服从老同志的安排，你怎么办?
你上任后，在布置工作时遇到下级反对，将如何处理?
翻译：中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了儒家学说和道家学说，以及其他很多在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的很多珍贵品质。比如“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操，“民为邦本”、“民贵君轻”的民本思想和“己所不欲，勿施于人”的行为准则。
Writing: “Traditionandmodernizationareincompatible.Onemustchoosebetweenthem”.Towhatdegreedoyouagreewiththisstatement?Writeanessayofabout400words. Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary. Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica.Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions.ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside;migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplyanaturalspillover.AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglishDtheywouldratherhavestayedhomeDbytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity.Secondly,Bailynholdsthat,contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks,therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity.Forexample,theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably.Bailyn'sthirdpropositionsuggesttwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants:onegroupcameasindenturedservants,anothercametoacquireland.Surprisingly,Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration.ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited;bythe1730's,however,Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans.Finally,Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem.HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo-Americanempire.ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery,asBailyndoes,devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue,asBailynclaims,thathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland.Butwhatofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,wherethesettlerscreatedeffectivelaws,builtadistinguisheduniversity,andpublishedbooksBailynmightrespondthatNewEnglandwasexceptional.However,theideasandinstitutionsdevelopedbyNewEnglandPuritanshadpowerfuleffectsonNorthAmericanculture.AlthoughBailyngoesontoapplyhisapproachtosomethousandsofindenturedservantswhomigratedjustpriortotherevolution,hefailstolinktheirexperiencewiththepoliticaldevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Evidencepresentedinhisworksuggestshowwemightmakesuchaconnection.TheseindenturedservantsweretreatedasslavesfortheperiodduringwhichtheyhadsoldtheirtimetoAmericanemployers.Itisnotsurprisingthatassoonastheyservedtheirtimetheypassedupgoodwagesinthecitiesandheadedwesttoensuretheirpersonalindependencebyacquiringland.Thus,itisinthewestthatapeculiarlyAmericanpoliticalculturebegan,amongcolonistswhoweresuspiciousofauthorityandintenselyanti-aristocratic. 1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaissupportedbyinformationinthetext [A]AlargerpercentageofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericacameasindenturedservantsthanasfreeagentsinterestedinacquiringland. [B]Migrantswhocametothecoloniesasindenturedservantsweremoresuccessfulatmakingalivelihoodthanwerefarmersandartisans. [C]MigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaweremoresuccessfulatacquiringtheirownlandduringtheeighteenthcenturythanduringtheseventeenthcentury. [D]Bythe1730's,migrantsalreadyskilledinatradewereinmoredemandbyAmericanemployersthanwereunskilledlaborers. 2.TheauthorofthetextstatesthatBailynfailedto [A]GivesufficientemphasistotheculturalandpoliticalinterdependenceofthecoloniesandEngland. [B]DescribecarefullyhowmigrantsofdifferentethnicbackgroundspreservedtheircultureintheUnitedStates. [C]TakeadvantageofsocialresearchontheexperiencesofcolonistswhomigratedtocolonialNorthAmericaspecificallytoacquireland. [D]RelatetheexperienceofthemigrantstothepoliticalvaluesthateventuallyshapedthecharacteroftheUnitedStates. 3.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sevaluationofBailyn'sfourthproposition [A]Itistotallyimplausible. [B]Itispartiallyacceptable. [C]Itishighlyadmirable. [D]Itiscontroversialthoughpersuasive. 4.Accordingtothetext,BailynandtheauthoragreeonwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecultureofcolonialNewEngland [A]HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEngland. [B]TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistorians. [C]ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirown. [D]ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland. 5.TheauthorofthetextwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBailyn'swork [A]BailynunderestimatestheeffectsofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericanculture. [B]BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritain. [C]Bailyn'sdescriptionofthecoloniesaspartofanAnglo-Americanempireismisleadingandincorrect. [D]BailynfailedtotesthispropositionsonaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica.
TEXTC Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith. Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehas tobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothe secondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.Ifan individualishandicapped(不利)environmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillnever attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywere placedinseparatefoster(抚养)homes.Peterwasraisedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunity withpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulated intellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheywere giventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageand fullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains, wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel. 11.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled____________. A.MeasuringYourIntelligence B.IntelligenceandEnvironment C.TheCaseofPeterandMark D.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence 12.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_______. A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably B.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence C.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence D.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence 13.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_______. A.85.B.100C.110D.125 14.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______. A.individualswithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatthesamelevelB.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment C.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence D.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain 15.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q._______. A.canbepredictedatbirth B.staysthesamethroughouthislife C.canbeincreasedbyeducation D.isdeterminedbyhischildhood
汉译英：暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。