Inthepast,operationsweredifficult.Untilthemiddleoftheeighteenfifties,surgerywasverydangerous.Manypatientsdiedaftereventhesmallestoperations.Thiswasbecausebacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodied’andstartedinfection.Insomecountries,upto90percentofpatientsdiedfrominfectionafteroperations.In1865,however,JosephLister,aBritishsurgeon,foundananswertotheproblem.Heusedan“antisepticduring”andafteroperations.Thiskilledthedangerousbacteriaandmostofhispatientslived.Sincethen,surgeonshaveusedantisepticsinalloperations.SurgeryhasdevelopedinmanyimportantwayssincethedayofJosephLister.Today,whenpatientsgotohospitalforanoperation,theycanexpectthebesttreatment,incleanandhygienicconditions.

33.Operationsweredifficultanddangerousuntil_______.

A.1850

B.themiddleof1850

C.themiddleofthefiftiesoftheeighteenthcentury

D.themiddleofthefiftiesofthenineteenthcentury

34.Inthepassage,surgerymeans__________.

A.Theperformingofanoperation

B.cure

C.treatment

D.medicine

35.Inthepast,upto90percentofpatientsdiedafteroperationsmainlyb

ecause__________.

A.bacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodies’andinfectiontookplace

B.theconditionsinhospitalswerebad

C.theskillofsurgeonswasnotsogood

D.therewerenogoodmedicineatthattime

36.Whichtopicofthefollowingbestsuitsthepassage?

A.Operationsweredifficultinthepast

B.ThedevotionofJosephListertomedicalscience

C.Surgeryhasbecomesafer

D.Developmentsinsurgery

37.JosephListerwas________.

A.aFrenchman

B.aGerman

C.anEnglishman

D.anAmeric

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33. B 34. A 35. A 36.D 37. C

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A、isalwayspraised
B、praises
C、havebeenpraised
D、alwaysispraised

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A、这位老师和学生们与这件事情都有关系。
B、应该为这件事负责任的是这位老师,而不是学生们。
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Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokentwice.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.DuringthepauseyoumustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

1.A)Dosometyping.

B)Buysomepaper.

C)Askthemantotype.

D)Wanttorunwiththeman.

2.A)10:50

B)10:15

C)10:48

D)10:52

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C)Teacherandstudent.

D)Oldfriends.

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B)Salesman.

C)Cardriver.

D)Conductor.

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6.A)Sheagreed.

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B)Hehaddifficultydoingtheexperiment.

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Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerthecolon.Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodrelatedtollnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchersrealizedthatitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfooddditives,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,nditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackginglabelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimessimilardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

48.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Foodandourhealth

BFoodandadditives

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DFoodandculture

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AFortypercentofcanceriscausedbyproblemsrelatedtofood.

BResearchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangeroffoodadditivesformanyyears

C.Weeatsomeofthefoodadditivesdirectlyandsomeindirectly

DDrugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicinalpurposes

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A.tospeedupthegrowthofanimals

BTomaketheanimalsfatter

Ctomaketheanimals’meatfittoeat

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Ascientisthavemadeallthefoodfittoeat

Bonlyinrecentyearshavepeoplefoundthatthefoodisrelatedtoone’sillness

Callkindsofcancerarerelatedtothediet

Dsomeadditivesareharmfultoourhealth

52.Theword“this”inthesecondsentenceofparagraph2mostprobablyrefersto__________.

Afarmer

Bpenicillin

Cbeefandpoultry

Dthefactthatfarmersoftengivepenicillintoabeef

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Thiswasbecausebacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodied’andstartedinfection.

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ManywererejectedbyU.S.medicalschoolssimplybecausetherewasnoroom.

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