Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing，you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair，seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother'scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe'grandtour'，reservedforonlytheveryrich，isnowwithineverybody'sgrasp?
Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn'thavedreamedof.Butwhat'sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?
Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted，shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels，whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway，languageisalwaysabarrier，soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst，thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.
Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire：aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella，butfishandchips.Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon'tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare，butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities，say，French，German，English，AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind，matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives：musical，amorous，cold，pedantic，native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned，theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels，theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat，say，'Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites'ofthat'Latinpeoplesshoutalot'.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?Carriedtoanextreme，stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact〞howtriteitsounds!每Thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.
1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis
[A]Tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.
[B]Tourismistiresome.
[C]Conductedtourisdull.
[D]Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry.
2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtourism?
[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]appreciative.
3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?
[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.
4.Thepurposeoftheauthor'scriticismistopointout
[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.
[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.
[C]whentraveling，younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.
[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.
5.Whatis'grandtour'now?
[A]moderatecost.
[B]localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.
[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.
[D]everybodycanenjoythe'grandtour'
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.(77)Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.
(78)Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.
6.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?
A)Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.
B)Byworkinghardfor10or20years.
C)Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.
D)Byreproducingit.(C)
7.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?
A)Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.
B)Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.
C)Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.
D)Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.
8.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor________.
A)intelligentrobotsB)achemicalelementC)anorganicsubstanceD)humanbeings(D)
9.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen________.
A)itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion
B)itisabletobeartheroughenvironment
C)itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain
D)itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones(A)
10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
A)aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction
B)withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability
C)oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossesintelligence
D)robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace
Writing:
NowadaysalotofChinesecelebrateWesternfestivals.SomepeopleareafraidthatthiswouldleadtothelossofChineseculture.Whatdoyouthink?Writeanessayofabout400words.
Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.
Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.