Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.
When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.
Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.
To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.
1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?
A.They think they are insane.
B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.
C.They become violently sick.
D.They are too tired to do anything.
2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by___.
A.using home-made electrical goods.
B.wearing clothes made of natural materials.
C.walking on artificial floor coverings.
D.copying TV programs on a computer.
3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___.
A.near a pound with a water pump.
B.close to a slow-flowing river.
C.high in some barren mountains.
D.by a rotating water sprinkler.
4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?
A.Ionisers.
B.Air-conditioners.
C.Exhaust-fans
D.Vacuum pumps.
5.Some scientists believe that___.
A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography.
B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted.
C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable.
D.earthquake
BCDAA
暂无解析
翻译训练：地域特色文明
文明是多彩的，人类文明因多样才有交流互鉴的价值。文明是平等的，人类文明因平等才有交流互鉴的前提。文明是包容的，人类文明因包容才有交流互鉴的动力。
当今世界，人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。应该推动不同文明相互尊重、和谐共处，让文明交流互鉴成为增进各国人民友谊的桥梁、推动人类社会进步的动力、维护世界和平的纽带。应该从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，为人们提供精神支撑和心灵慰藉，携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战。
Themotheralmost____whenshelearnedthathersonwasshotdead.
PartIReadingComprehension
Directions:Inthisparttherearefourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourcomprehensionquestions.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Askthreepeopletolookthesamewindowatabusystreetcornerandtellyouwhattheysee.Chancesareyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonseesthesamescene,buteachperceivessomethingdifferentaboutit.
Perceivinggoesoninourminds.Ofthethreepeoplewholookoutthewindow,onemaysaythatheseesapolicemangivingamotoristaticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesarush-hourtrafficjamattheintersection.Thethirdmaytellyouthatheseesawomantryingtocrossthestreetwithfourchildrenintow.Forperceptionisthemind’sinterpretationofwhatthesenses—inthiscaseoureyes—tellus.
Manypsychologiststodayareworkingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaroundhim.Usingascientificapproach,thesepsychologistssetupexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallofthefactors.Bymeasuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivetotallydifferentthingsaboutthesamescene.
1.Seeingandperceivingare.
A.thesameaction
B.twoseparateactions
C.twoactionscarriedonentirelybyeyes
D.severalactionsthattakeplaceatdifferenttimes
2.Perceivingisanactionthattakesplace.
A.inoureyes
B.onlywhenwethinkveryhardaboutsomething
C.onlyunderthedirectionofapsychologist
D.ineveryperson’smind
3.Peopleperceivedifferentthingsaboutthesamescenebecause.
A.theyseedifferentthingsB.somehavebettereyesight
C.theycannotagreeaboutthingsD.noneofthese
4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassage?
A.Psychologistsdonotyetknowpeoplesee.
B.Theexperimentsinwhichallfactorsarecontrolledarebetter.
C.Thestudyofperceptionisgoingonnow.
D.Perceptiondoesnotinvolvepsychologicalfactors.
5.Thebesttitleforthisselectionis.
A.HowWeSee
B.LearningaboutOurMindsthroughScience
C.WhatPsychologistsPerceive
D.HowtoBecauseanExperimentalPsychologist
GriffithworkedforafirmthatspecializedineconomicdevelopmentinWashingtonD.C.becausesheneededmoneytopayforherdebt.
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
The idea of a special day to honor mothers was first put forward in America in 1907. two years later a woman, Mrs. John Bruce Dodd, in the state of Washington proposed a similar day to honor the head of the family—the father. Her mother died when she was very young, and her father brought her up. She loved her father very much.
In response to Mrs. Dodd’s idea that same year—1909, the state governor of Washington proclaimed (宣布) the third Sunday in June Father’s Day. The idea was officially approved by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. in 1924, President Calvin Coolidge recommended national observance of the occasion “to establish more intimate (亲密) relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations.” The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father’s Day flower.
Father’s Day took longer to establish on a national scale than Mother’s Day, but as the idea grained popularity, tradesmen and manufacturers began to see the commercial possibilities. They encouraged sons and daughters to honor their fathers with small thank-you presents, such as a tie or pair of socks, as well as by sending greeting cards.
During the Second World War, American servicemen stationed in Britain began to request Father’s Day greeting cards to send home. This generated a response with British card publishers. Though at first the British public was slow to accept this rather artificial day, it’s now well celebrated in Britain on the third Sunday in June in much the same way as in America.
Father’s Day seems to be much less important as occasion than the Mother’s Day. Not many of the children offer their fathers some presents. But the American fathers still think they are much better fated than the fathers of many other countries, who have not even a day for their sake in name only.
11. When did Father’s Day officially begin to have national popularity?
A. 1907 B. 1909 C. 1916 D. 1924
12. Who first started the idea of holding the Father’s Day?
A. Mrs. John Bruce Dodd B. Mrs. John Bruce’s Mother
C. The government of Washington. D. Some businessmen.
13. What flower will be popular on Father’s Day?
A. Lily B. Water Lily C. Red rose or white rose D. Sunflower.
14. Which statement is true, a according to this passage?
A. It took even longer for Mother’s Day to gain national popularity.
B. The businessmen helped to make Father’s Day popular.
C. Father’s Day is only celebrated in America.
D. Father’s Day is only a trick of the businessmen to make money.
15. What was the first reaction of the British publishing towards Father’s Day?
A. They thought highly of it and accepted it at once.
B. They just accepted it at once without any hesitation.
C. They just thought it a joke.
D. They thought it was too artificial and took a long time to accept.
什么情况下需对钢筋的化学成分进行检验?
请举例说明 Python 面向对象的多态性(例如函数重载、运算符重载)是如何实现的?
现代企业制度的基本特征是什么?
土料的压实参数有哪些?如何确定这些参数?合理确定这些参数在施工中有何意义?
名词解释：电缆
防渗墙施工的主要过程有哪些?
中国人民解放军某空军部队，拟在与蒙古接壤的二连浩特市建设一雷达生产厂， 经国家有关部门批准后， 开始对本项目筹集资金和施工图设计， 该项目资金由自筹资金和银行贷款两部分组成，自筹资金已全部到位。银行贷款预计在xx 年 7 月 30 日到位。 xx 年 3 月 18日设计单位完成了初步设计图纸随后进入施工图纸设计阶段，预计5月 8 日完成施工图纸设计，该空军部队考虑到该项目要在xx 年提前竣工，遂决定于 3 月 19 日进行施工招标。施工招标采用邀请招标方式，并于 3 月 20 日从与其合作过的施工单位中选择了两家发出了投标邀请书。
问题:
1.建设工程施工招标的必备条件有哪些?
2.本项目在上述条件下是否可以进行工程施工招标?为什么 ?
3.在何种情况下，经批准可以采取邀请招标方式进行招标?
4.招标人在招标过程中的不妥之处有哪些?并说明理由。
施工组织设计按施工对象分为哪几种?其施工对象是哪些?
近来，外国的安然公司，安达信等做假帐事件闹得沸沸扬扬。朱总理到某高校视察时，题辞时竟写到：“不作假帐”，你对此有何看法。
1991 年 5 月 30 日凌晨，广东省东莞市石排镇田边管理区盆岭村个体户(挂名集体)王某一、王某二两对夫妇办的兴业制衣厂(来料加工企业)，发生特大火灾，全厂付之一炬，造成72 人死亡，47 人受伤，直接经济损失达300 万元。1989 年期间，王某两对夫妇自筹资金建成一幢四层楼的厂房。同年11 月以王某二之名签领营业执照开办石排镇兴业制衣厂，并与香港三裕公司签订来料加工协议，生产塑料雨衣。此后，在招收工人、生产、管理等方面都由王某一负责。投产后，生产车间、仓库、工人宿舍同在一幢楼，原料、成品、废料、易燃物品胡乱放置。5月 20 日，加班工人梁某吸烟后扔下烟头引燃易燃物。当日凌晨 4 时 20 分左右， 厂一楼突然起火，存放在楼层的大量生产原料PVC 塑料布和成品雨衣7万多件着火，火势迅速蔓延并封住了这幢四层楼厂房的惟一出口。楼内既无防火栓、灭火器等起码消防器材，亦无防火疏散通道和紧急出口，还将很多门、窗都用铁条焊死，造成工人扑火无力，逃避无门。浓烟烈火沿着楼梯和电梯井筒道大量窜入三、四层楼的工人宿舍。当时许多工人正在该楼内熟睡，没等醒来或还不知这里发生什么事情，就被熏死或烧死，最终造成64人直接熏死烧死， 55 人从窗口跳楼逃生。逃生人员中，两人当场摔死，6 人摔伤、烧伤过重，抢救无效死亡。共计造成72 人死亡。
针对上述事故案例，分析直接原因、间接原因、责任者、整改措施。