To begin with,"muzak"(音乐广播网 )was intended simplyto createasoothing(安慰)atmosphere.Recently,however,it's ecome big business —thanks in part to recentresearch.Dr.Ronald Milliman,an American marketing expert,hasshown that music can boost sales or increase factory roduction by as much as a third.But,it has to be light music.A fast one has no effect atall on sales.Slow music can increase receipts by 38%.This isprobably because shoppers slow down and have more opportunityto spot items they like to buy.Yet,slow music isn't alway sanswer.Dr.Milliman found,for example,that in restaurants slowmusic meant customers took longer to eat their meals,whichreduced overall sales.So restaurants owners might be welladvised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers moving—unless of course,the resulting indigestion leads tocomplaints!
练习:
1.The reason why background music is so popular isthat ______.
A.it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it
B.it can help to create a soothing atmosphere
C.it can boost sales or increase factory production erywhere
D.it can make customers eat their meals quickly
2.Background music means ________.
A.light music that customers enjoy mostB.fast music that makes people move fast
C.slow music that can make customers enjoy their meals
D.the music you are listening to while you are doingomething
3.Restaurant owners complain about background musicbecause ______.
A.it results in indigestion
B.it increases their sales
C.it keeps customers moving
D.it decreases their sales
4.The word"up-tempo music"probably means_____.
A.slow music
B.fast music
C.light music
D.classical music
1、B ;2、D ;3、D; 4、B
暂无解析
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1.A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2.Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3.That's still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4."This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia.He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticized."
5.Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain.This molecular 'lock and key' process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body's detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6.But Turin argued that smell doesn't seem to fit this picture very well.Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar.Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass).
7.Turin's explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule's shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling.This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8.This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.Turin's mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9.Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations."The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham's colleague, Andrew Horsfield.
10.Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin's idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn't believe it".But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn't work.I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11.The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it.This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12.The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it.The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13.But Horsfield stresses that that's different from a proof of Turin's idea."So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification.We're beginning to think about what experiments could be performed."
14.Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis."At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says."Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition." At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.
Questions 5-9
Complete the sentences below with words from the passage.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5.The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6.Turin's company is based in ______.
7.Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8.Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9.According to Audrew Horsfield, it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Howshopscanexploitpeople'sherdmentalitytoincreasesales
1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghow“swarmintelligence”(thatis,howants,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.
2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.
3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani'ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.
4.MrUsmani's“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe“right”product—thatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.
5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould,indeed,beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.
6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproductcategory,andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem,acompanyinCambridge,Massachusetts,alsoaimstoexploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.
7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattellingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.
Questions1-6
Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_______________canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.
2.Inshops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore_______________.
3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseof“swarmintelligence”phenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_______________.
4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_______________.
5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_______________ishigh,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.
6.Usingthe“swarm-moves”model,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_______________toincreasesales.
HowaFrenchmanisrevivingMcDonald’sinEurope
A.WhenDenisHennequintookoverastheEuropeanbossofMcDonald’sinJanuary2004,theworld’sbiggestrestaurantchainwasshowingsignsofrecoveryinAmericaandAustralia,butsalesinEuropeweresluggishordeclining.OneexceptionwasFrance,whereMrHennequinhaddoneasterlingjobasheadofthegroup’sFrenchsubsidiarytosellmoreBigMacstohiscompatriots.Histaskwastoreplicatethissuccessinall41oftheEuropeancountrieswhereanti-globalisers’favouriteenemyoperates.
B.SofarMrHennequinisdoingwell.LastyearEuropeansalesincreasedby5.8%andthenumberofcustomersby3.4%,thebestannualresultsinnearly15years.Europeaccountedfor36%ofthegroup’sprofitsandfor28%ofitssales.DecemberwasanespeciallygoodmonthascustomerstooktoseasonalmenuofferingsinFranceandBritain,andtoapromotioninGermanybasedonthegameofMonopoly.
C.MrHennequin’srecipeforrevivalistobemoreopenabouthiscompany’soperations,tobe“locallyrelevant”,andtoimprovetheexperienceofvisitinghis6,400restaurants.McDonald’sisblamedformakingpeoplefat,exploitingworkers,treatinganimalscruelly,pollutingtheenvironmentandsimplyforbeingAmerican.MrHennequinsayshewantstoengageinadialoguewiththepublictoaddresstheseconcerns.
D.Heintroduced“opendoor”visitordaysineachcountrywhichbecamehugelypopular.InPolandalonesome50,000visitorscametoMcDonald’sthroughthevisitors’programmelastyear.TheNutritionInformationInitiative,launchedlastyear,putdetailedlabelsonMcDonald’spackagingwithdataoncalories,protein,fat,carbohydratesandsaltcontent.Thedetailsarealsoprintedontray-liners.
E.MrHennequinalsowantspeopletoknowthat“McJobs”,thelow-paidmenialjobsatMcDonald’srestaurants,aremuchbetterthanpeoplethink.Butsomeofhiseffortshavebackfired:lastyearhesparkedacontroversywiththeintroductionofa“McPassport”thatallowsMcDonald’semployeestoworkanywhereintheEuropeanUnion.PoliticiansaccusedthefirmofaploytomakecheaplabourfromeasternEuropemoreeasilyavailabletoMcDonald’smanagersacrossthecontinent.
F.Tostayintouchwithlocalneedsandpreferences,McDonald’semployslocalbossesasmuchaspossible.ARussianisrunningMcDonald’sinRussia,thoughaSerbisinchargeofGermany.Thegroupbuysmainlyfromlocalsuppliers.Four-fifthsofitssuppliesinFrancecomefromlocalfarmers,forexample.(SomeoftheFrenchfarmerswhocampaignedagainstthecompanyinthelate1990ssubsequentlydiscoveredthatitwas,infact,buyingtheirproduce.)AndithirescelebritiessuchasHeidiKlum,aGermanmodel,aslocalbrandambassadors.
G.InhispreviousjobMrHennequinestablisheda“designstudio”inFrancetospruceuphiscompany’sdrabrestaurantsandadapttheinteriortolocaltastes.ThestudioisnowmastermindingimprovementseverywhereinEurope.Healsosetupa“foodstudio”,wherecooksdevisenewrecipesinresponsetolocaltrends.
H.GivenFrance’sreputationasthemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,itseemsoddthatMcDonald’srevivalinEuropeisbeingledbyaFrenchman,usingideascookedupintheFrenchmarket.ButFranceisinfactthecompany’smostprofitablemarketafterAmerica.ThemarketwhereMcDonald’sisweakestinEuropeisnotFrance,butBritain.
I.“FixingBritainshouldbehispriority,”saysDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS.Almosttwo-thirdsofthe1,214McDonald’srestaurantsinBritainarecompany-owned,comparedwith40%inEuropeand15%inAmerica.Thecompanysuffersfromthevolatilityofsalesatitsownrestaurants,butcanrelyonsteadyincomefromfranchisees.Soitshouldsellasmanyunderperformingoutletsaspossible,saysMrPalmer.
J.M.MarkWiltamuth,ananalystatMorganStanley,estimatesthatEuropeancompany-ownedrestaurants’marginswillincreaseslightlyto16.4%in2007.Thisisstilllessthaninthelate1990sandbelowAmerica’s18-19%today.ButitismuchbetterthanbeforeMrHennequin’sreign.HeisalreadybeingtippedasthefirstEuropeancandidateforthegroup’stopjobinIllinois.NobodywouldcallthataMcJob.
NotestoReadingPassage1
1.sterling高质量的
e.g.Hehasmanysterlingqualities.他身上有许多优秀的品质。
2.menial不体面的,乏味的(工作、职业)
3.spruceup打扮整齐、漂亮、装饰
4.mastermind指挥、谋划(一个计划或活动)
e.g.Thepoliceknowwhomastermindedtherobbery.警察知道是谁策划了那次抢劫。
5.underperform表现不佳表现出低于标准的工作水平、企业出现亏本
Questions1-6
DothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?
WriteyouranswerinBoxes1-6onyouranswersheet.
TRUEifthestatementreflectstheclaimsofthewriter
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
1.McDonaldwasshowingthesignofrecoveryinallEuropeancountriesexceptFranceafterDenisHennequintookofficeasthebossofEuro-markets.
2.Startingfromlastyear,detailedlabelsareputonMcDonald’spackaginganddetailedinformationisalsoprintedontray-liners.
3.Franceissaidtobethemostanti-AmericancountryinEurope,buttheideasofthe“opendoor”visitingdaysand“McPassport”areinventedintheFrenchmarket.
4.BritainpossessestheweakestMcDonaldmarketamongEuropeancountriesandapproximately1214McDonald’srestaurantsarecompany-owned.
5.AccordingtoDavidPalmer,arestaurantanalystatUBS,DavidHennequinshouldtreattheproblemaboutMcDonaldinBritainasthemostimportantthing.
6.DavidPalmersuggestedthatthemanagementofMcDonalodinItalyshouldsellasmanyitsoutletswhichlosemoneyinbusinessaspossibleforrevival.
Questions7-10
ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes7-10onyouranswesheet.
7.Theword“sterling”inline3ofParagraphAmeans__________.
A.difficult
B.menial
C.terrible
D.excellent
8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsontheaccusationofMacDonaldisNOTTRUE?
A.Ittendstomakepeoplefat.
B.Itsoperationsareveryvague.
C.Ittendstoexploitworkers.
D.Ittendstotreatanimalscruelly.
9.WhichofthefollowingmeasurestakenbyDenisHennequinproducedundesiredresult?
A.“FoodStudio”scheme.
B.“OpenDoor”visitordays.
C.The“McPassport”scheme.
D.TheNutritionInformationInitiative.
10.WhatdidDenisHennequindosoastorespondtolocaltrends?
A.setupa“FoodStudio”.
B.establisheda“DesignStudio”.
C.hiredcelebritiesaslocalbrandambassadors.
D.employedlocalbossesasmuchaspossible.
Questions11-14
Completeeachofthefollowingstatements(Questions11-14)withwordsornumbertakenfromReadingPassage1.
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.
11.AfterJanuary2004,McDonaldwasmakingimprovementfollowingaperiodofslumpinAmericaandAustralia,butsalesinEuropewere………………………….
12.BusinessofMcDonaldinFranceandBritainwasparticularlygoodinDecembersincecustomerstookto……………………………..
13.Comparedwithothercountries,FranceisMcDonald’s……………………….nexttoAmerica.
14.…………………….ofMcDonald’srestaurantsinAmericaarecompanied–ownedandthefigureismuchlowerthanthatinBritain.
Yourdonationscan_____poorchildren____foodandachancetostudy.
-----Dad,lookatthebuilding.Itisonfire.
-----Call119____________mobilephonerightnow
深圳华贸电建局工程处在某造纸厂扩建工程中安装栈桥斜梁时,因斜梁未焊牢,摘钩时约3t重的斜梁倾翻,使4名作业工人从10m高处坠落,其中一人未佩带安全带站在斜梁上,第二人虽佩带安全带,但把安全带挂在了该斜梁上,这两人都坠落身亡;第三人虽身佩安全带,但未系上,蹲在斜梁侧面焊接;第四人所佩安全带系在牢固处,两人坠落时,前者侥幸地落在松软的泥土上,身受重伤,后者安全带把他吊在空中,他仅仅受了轻伤。分析上述事件的违章之处。
背景资料:
A施工单位总包一炼钢厂项目,其中的连铸安装工程分包B安装公司,该公司及时组建了项目部,项目部在组
织施工过程中发生以下情况:
情况一:项目部按工业安装工程质量验评项目划分规定对安装工程项目进行了划分,其中有连铸安装工程、机械设备安装工程、蒸汽排除风机安装工程、电气安装工程、自动化仪表安装工程等。
情况二:在自动化仪表工程施工完毕后,进行了综合控制系统试验,然后编制竣工资料,准备交工验收。
情况三:项目部安装完成后,向建设单位要求办理交工验收手续,建设单位以不符合工程验收的规定而拒绝了项目部的要求。
情况四:施工合同按《建设工程质量管理条例》规定签订了在正常使用条件下的最低保修期限。
该工程生产线在正常运行4年后,因设备故障、电气管线故障、给排水管网阀门漏水、中央控制室的供热和供冷系统失效而导致停产。建设单位发函要求该施工单位进行保修。施工单位以超过了保修期婉拒建设单位的要求。
问题:
1.按质量验评标准规定,指出情况一中所列项目哪些属单位工程?哪些属分部工程和分项工程?
2.情况二中,自动化仪表在综合控制系统试验后编制竣工资料,准备交工验收是否正确?为什么?
3.该工程验收必须符合哪些规定?
4.该工程中设备安装、电气管线、给水排水管道、供热和供冷系统的最低保修期限是多少?
Directions:
Thissectionistotestyourabilitytocomprehendshortpassages.Youwillheararecordedpassage.Afterthatyouwillhearfivequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbereadtwotimes.Whenyouhearaquestion,youshouldcompletetheanswertoitwithawordorashortmphrase(innomorethan3words).Thequestionsandincompleteanswersareprintedinyourtestpaper.YoushouldwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheetcorrespondingly.
16、Whatproductdoesthecompanyproduce?______.
17、Whenwasthecompanysetup?______ago.
18、Wherearetheirproductssold?Both______andabroad.
19、Accordingtothespeaker,whydotheirproductshaveagoodreputation?
Becauseofthehighqualityandgood______theyprovide.
20、Whatdoesthespeakerpromisetogiveforalargeorder?A______.
地基验槽的主要检查内容的要求有哪些?
简要说明事务的原子性。
某工程用地面积4914.9㎡,是由二层地下室、五层附楼和二十五层主楼组成的建筑面积为53864㎡,标准层建筑面积1456㎡,附楼单层建筑面积1686.1㎡,总高度为110.0m的集办公与商业于一体的高层综合建筑。防火等级为一类,建筑分类为一类。目前工程正准备开工。
请回答以下问题:
(1)什么是“工程开工报审表”?
(2)施工单位提请开工报审时,提供的附件应满足哪些条件?
Python语言有哪些运算符?请列表说明它们各自的运算优先级。
Directions:
Thereare5incompletestatementshere.Youshouldfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.WritethewordorwordsinthecorrespondingspaceontheAnswerSheet.
31、Ourteamwillmeetwitheachpersontolearnabouthisorher(person)______andvocationalgoals.
32、Thesequestionsenabletheinterviewer(know)______howyoupreviouslyreactedorbehavedincertaintypesofsituations.
33、Before(ask)______forapromotion,trytofindouthowthedecisionmakersinyourcompanyfeelaboutyou.
34、Theyareunderthe(impress)______thattheircommunicationabilityisthemostimportantfactorinwhetherornottheywillbehired.
35、Webelievethate-learningcanbe(effective)______thantraditionalinstructionsinthefuture.
简述使用tkinter模块创建一个图形用户界面应用程序的主要步骤。
Directions:Inthispart,therearefouritemswhichyoushouldtranslateintoChinese,eachitemconsistingofonesentence.ThesesentencesarealltakenfromthereadingpassagesyouhavejustreadinPartIIIoftheTestPaper.Youareallowedminutestodothetranslation.Youcanreferbacktothepassagessoastoidentifytheirmeaninginthecontext.WriteyourtranslationontheTranslationSheetinTestPaperTwo.
T1.(Line2-3,Paragraph1,Passage1)
Thiswasbecausebacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodied’andstartedinfection.
T2.(Line2,Paragraph2,Passage2)
ManywererejectedbyU.S.medicalschoolssimplybecausetherewasnoroom.
T3:.(Line3-4,Paragraph1,Passage3):
Accusedofneglectingthispartofoureducation,myfatherinstitutedasummerschoolformybrotherandme.
T4:.(Line4-5,Paragraph1,Passage4)
Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.