某城市引水工程，输水管道为长980m、DN3500mm钢管，采用顶管法施工;工作井尺寸为 18m×20m，挖深 15m，围护结构为 φ800mm钻孔灌注桩，设四道支撑。工作井挖土前，经检测发现三根钻孔灌注桩桩身强度偏低，造成围护结构达不到设计要求。调查结果表明混凝土的粗、细骨料合格。顶管施工前，项目部把原施工组织设计确定的顶管分节长度由 6.6m改为 8.8m，仍采用原龙门吊下管方案，并准备在现场予以实施。监理工程师认为此做法违反有关规定并存在安全隐患，予以制止。顶管正常顶进过程中，随顶程增加，总顶力持续增加，在顶程达三分之一时，总顶力接近后背设计允许最大荷载。

问题

1.钻孔灌注桩桩身强度偏低的原因可能有哪些?应如何补救 ?

2.说明项目部变更施工方案的正确做法。

3.改变管节长度后，应对原龙门吊下管方案中哪些安全隐患点进行安全验算?

4.顶力随顶程持续增加的原因是什么?应采取哪些措施处理 ?

翻译：

By making vehicles lighter in weight aluminum has greatly reduced the amount of fuel needed to move them, (Passage Two)

重特大疾病是指什么？

社会救助是指什么？

线路停电检修时发电厂和变电所内应做好哪些安全措施?

对归档程序的要求有哪些?

事故处理“四不放过”原则是什么?

背景：

某既有综合楼进行重新能够修，该工程共12层，层高3.6m，第五层以上为标准层， 每层建筑面积 1200平方米，施工内容宝库哟原有装饰装修工程拆除、新建筑地面、抹灰、门窗、吊顶、轻质隔墙、饰面板(砖)幕墙、涂饰、裱糊与软包、细部工程施工等。工期为2006 年7月6日开工， 2006 年12月28日竣工。

问题：

1、 按照过程控制方法，建筑工程质量验收由哪些过程?

2、 该装饰装修工程子分部质量验收时，应检查有关安全和功能的检测项目有哪些?

3、 该装饰装修工程应何时组织进行室内环境质量验收?

4、 该装饰装修工程观感质量验收包括哪些项目?是如何确定评价?

Part III Cloze

Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.

Today the car is the most popular 61 of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely 62 the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their cars for 63 90 percent of all personal 64 .

Most Americans are able to 65 cars.

The average price of a 66 made car was 1 050 in 1950, 1 740 in 1960 and up to 1 750 67 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about 68 their products and work efficiency.

As a result, the yearly income of the 69 family increased from 1950 to 1975 70 than the price of cars. For this reason 71 a new car takes a smaller 72 of a family’s total earnings today.

In 1951 73 it took 8.1 months of an average family’s 74 to buy a new car. In 1962 a new car 75 8.3 of a family’s annual earnings. By 1975 it only took 4.75 76 income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 77 to models from previous years.

The 78 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 79 the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money to 80 their cars running than on any other item.

61. A. kinds B. means C. mean D. types

62. A. denied B. reproduced C. replaced D. ridiculed

63. A. hardly B. nearly C. certainly D. somehow

64. A. trip B. works C. business D. travel

65. A. buy B. sell C. race D. see

66. A. quickly B. regularly C. rapidly D. recently

67. A. on B. in C. behind D. about

68. A. raising B. making C. reducing D. improving

69. A. unusual B. interested C. average D. biggest

70. A. slowest B. equal C. faster D. less than

71. A. bringing B. obtain C. bought D. purchasing

72. A. part B. half C. number D. side

73. A. clearly B. proportionally C. percentage D. suddenly

74. A. income B. work C. plans D. debts

75. A. used B. spend C. cost D. needed

76. A. months’ B. dollars C. family D. year

77. A. famous B. superior C. fastest D. purchasing

78. A. running B. notice C. influence D. discussion

79. A. then B. as C. so D. which

80. A. start B. leave C. keep D. repair

Part IV Translation

It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly. (Passage Four)