简述现场用电一般防火要求?

What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion.

But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.

Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.

1.What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?

A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.

B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.

C.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered.

D.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future.

2.The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.

A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.

B.a new building material will have been invented.

C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.

D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.

3.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___.

A.is difficult to foresee.

B.will be how to feed the ever growing population.

C.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.

D.is the question of finding enough ground space.

4.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___.

A.standards of building are low.

B.only minimum shelter will be possible.

C.there is not enough ground space.

D.the population growth will be the greatest.

5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?

A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.

B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.

C.Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.

D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.

某施工单位在四月份进行一项铁路施工工程，路基施工是下面工程开展的前提，而且此项施工路段地区中，还有部分路段为软路基。

问题：

1. 铁路工程中路基施工主要包括哪几个方面内容?

2. 路堑的开挖方法选择应遵循什么原则?开挖过程中出现什么情况需向设计单位反馈?

3. 对于软土路基处理，有哪些常用的方法?

4. 软土路基施工有哪些要求?

5. 路基坡面防护工作中，选择哪种坡面防护方式?为什么?

转移性收入是指什么？

共同生活的家庭成员是指什么？

Part IV Translation：

It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes, in his favorite light blue ink. (Passage One)

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

Culture shock is an occupational disease (职业病) for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.

Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs are as following: when to shake hands and what to say when meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend on hundreds of these signs for our peace of mind and day-to-day efficiency, but we do not carry most at the level of conscious awareness.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration. When suffering from culture shock people first reject the environment which caused discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. When foreigners in a strange land get together in complain about the host country its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.

16. According to the passage, culture shock is .

A. an occupational disease of foreign people B. may lead to very serious symptoms

C. actually not a disease D. incurable

17. According to the passage, culture shock result from .

A. the sudden change of social atmosphere and customs

B. the sudden change of our daily habits

C. the sudden loss of our own signs and symbols

D. the discomfort that we feel when faced with a foreigner

18. Which one of the following may not be a symptom of culture shock?

A. You don’t know how to express your gratitude.

B. You don’t know how to greet other people.

C. You suddenly forget what a word means.

D. You don’t understand why a foreigner shrugs.

19. According to the passage, how would a person who stays abroad most probably react when he is frustrated by the culture shock?

A. He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first.

B. He is really to accept the change and adapt himself to the new environment.

C. Although he takes the culture difference for granted, he still doesn’t know how to do with it.

D. He may begin to hate the people or things around him.

20. The main idea of this passage is that .

A. culture shock is an occupational disease

B. culture shock is caused by the anxiety of living in a strange culture

C. culture shock has peculiar symptoms

D. it is very hard to cope with life in a new setting

特困供养人员是指什么？

在基坑开挖中造成坍塌事故的主要原因是什么?

建筑中交通联系部分的作用是什么?包括哪些空间?