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简述牵引患者预防相关并发症的护理措施

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正确答案:

牵引患者预防并发症:

①鼓励病人利用拉手架抬起上身多作深呼吸, 注意保暖, 预防坠积性肺炎。

②功能锻炼:牵引病人患肢长期固定不动又缺乏功能锻炼, 将使静脉血和淋巴液回流不畅, 导致关节内、 外组织发生纤维粘连,同时由于关节囊和周围肌肉的挛缩,关节活动可产生不同程度的障碍。下肢牵引者要锻炼股四头肌;将踝关节置于功能位,嘱病人作踝关节的伸、 屈活动,避免发生足下垂畸形; 被动活动髌骨以防粘连。 ③鼓励病人多饮水, 多摄取含有纤维的食物, 预防便秘。

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