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试述行为治疗的概念,并用具体案例说明系统脱敏法的具体实施程序

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正确答案:

行为疗法又称为行为矫正或学习疗法,是根据行为学习及条件反射理论,消除和纠正异常并建立一种新的条件反射和行为的治疗方法。 系统脱敏法实施的程序是:

(1) 制定焦虑等级值: 将引起症状的相应情绪由弱到强排序。

(2) 放松训练:学会使自身保持轻松。

(3) 脱敏治疗:根据交互抑制论点, 两种相反的情绪或行为不能同时并存, 并且可以相互抵消。

学习用放松的心身状态去克服恐惧、 焦虑。要由轻到重、有顺序 ( 系统) 的进行。 在门诊做完脱敏后,还要带到实地去进行脱敏。 举例:例如恐蛇症,恐惧情绪是 0~4 级,相应的情绪是安静、看到蛇字、听到谈论蛇、见到真蛇、触及真蛇。先根据患者具体情况确定其恐惧情绪属于哪一级, 然后引导患者使自身保持轻松,让患者按情绪等级由轻到重看到蛇字、听到谈论蛇、见到真蛇、触及真蛇,最后带到实地去进行脱敏。

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