Themotheralmost____whenshelearnedthathersonwasshotdead.

翻译：

Bymakingvehicleslighterinweightaluminumhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoffuelneededtomovethem,(PassageTwo)

PartIVTranslation

Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.(PassageFour)

翻译训练：

筷子(chopsticks)是中国传统的独具特色的进食工具(diningutensils)，至今已有数千年的历史。筷子在古代被称为“箸”，大约从明朝开始才有了“筷子”的称呼。筷子多为竹子制成，也有用木头、象牙(ivory)、金属或其他材料制作而成。它要么上方下圆，要么上下全圆而上粗下细。不管其形状如何，筷子必须是成对使用的，并且两只筷子的大小长短要相同。筷子是中国人日常生活的必备工具，它的发明充分反映了中国人民的智慧。

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Successfulinnovationshavedrivenmanyoldertechnologiestoextinctionandhaveresultedinhigherproductivity,greaterconsumptionofenergy,increaseddemandofrawmaterials,acceleratedflowofmaterialsthroughtheeconomyandincreasedquantitiesofmetalsandothersubstancesinuseeachperson.Thehistoryofindustrialdevelopmentaboundswithexamples.

In1870,horsesandmulesweretheprimesourceofpoweronU.S.farms.Onehorseormulewasrequiredtosupportfourhumanbeingsaratiothatremainedalmostconstantformanydecades.Atthattime,hadanationalcommissionbeenaskedtoforecastthepopulationfor1970,itsanswerprobablywouldhavedependedonwhetheritsconsultantswereofaneconomicortechnologicalturnofmind.Hadtheybeen“economists”,theywouldprobablyhaveprojectedthe1970horsesormulepopulationtobemorethan50million.Hadtheybeen“technologists”,theywouldhaverecognizedthatthepowerofsteamhadalreadybeenharnessedtoindustryandtolearnandoceantransport.Theywouldhaverecognizedfurtherthatitwouldbetheprimesourceofpoweronthefarm.Itwouldhavebeendifficultforthemtoavoidtheconclusionthatthehorseandmulepopulationwoulddeclinerapidly.

16.Accordingtothepassage,whatsuppliedmostofthepoweronU.S.farmsin1870?

A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasaconsequenceofnewtechnologicaldevelopments?

A.Oldertechnologiesdieaway.

B.ThequalityoflifeisImproved.

C.Overallproductivityincrease.

D.Morerawmaterialsbecomenecessary.

18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatby1870.

A.technologybegantobemoreeconomical

B.thesteamenginehadbeeninvented

C.theU.S.horsepopulationwasabout10million

D.anationalcommissionwasabout10million

19.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat“economists”would.

A.plantheeconomythroughyearlyforecasts

B.failtoconsidertheinfluenceoftechnologicalinnovation

C.valuetheeconomiccontributionoffarmanimals

D.consultthenationalcommissionontheeconomy

20.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardchangesbroughtonbytechnologicalinnovations?

A.Heisexcitedaboutthem.

B.Heacceptthemasnatural.

C.Heisdisturbedbythem.

D.Hequestionstheirusefulness.