The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has , atthe same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer the colon . Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food related to llness is not a new discovery. In 1945 , government researchers realized that itrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food dditives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, nd it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the pack ging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to controlthese procedures, the practices continue.

48. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Food and our health

B Food and additives

C. Food and cancer

D Food and culture

49 All of the following statements are true EXCEPT_______.

A Forty percent of cancer is caused by problems related to food.

B Researchers have known about the potential danger of food additivesfor many years

C. We eat some of the food additives directly and some indirectly

D Drugs are always given to animals for medicinal purposes

50. Why do farmers give drugs to their animals?

A. to speed up the growth of animals

B To make theanimals fatter

C to make the animals ’ meat fit to eat

D To make the animals’ meat rich in nutrients

51. It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

A scientist have made all the food fit to eat

B only in recent years have people found that the food is related to one’s illness

C all kinds of cancer are related to the diet

D some additives are harmful to our health

52. The word “ this ”in the second sentence of paragraph 2 most probablyrefers to __________.

A farmer

B penicillin

C beef and poultry

D the fact that farmers often give penicillin to a beef

Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to a better life.

Part IV Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.

每个人手里都有一张申请表，但却都不知道送往哪个办公室。

We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”

To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.

This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.

Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.

1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?

A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.

B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.

C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.

D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.

2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.

A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.

B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.

C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.

D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.

3.Which statement is true about population increase?

A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.

B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.

C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.

D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.

4.The author of the passage intends to___.

A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.

B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.

C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.

D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.

5.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___.

A.statistics of human.

B.surroundings study.

C.accumulation of human.

D.development of human.

The author tells us in paragraph 4 ________.