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----- Dad ,look at the building .It is on fire.

----- Call 119 ____________ mobile phone right now

A、in
B、by
C、on
D、with
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正确答案:

B

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Advertisingdiscouragespeoplefrombeingdifferentindividualsbymakingusallwanttodothesameandlookthesame.Doyouagreeordisagree?

Shonahaslearntfromtheresearchprojectthat____.

It’sourhopetocontinuewithconsiderablebusinessdealingwithyou.

Wewishtointroduceourselvestoyouasastate-ownedcorporationdealingexclusivelyinlightindustrialgoods.

Howshopscanexploitpeople'sherdmentalitytoincreasesales

1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghow“swarmintelligence”(thatis,howants,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.

2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.

3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani'ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.

4.MrUsmani's“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe“right”product—thatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.

5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould,indeed,beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.

6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproductcategory,andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem,acompanyinCambridge,Massachusetts,alsoaimstoexploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.

7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattellingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.

Questions1-6

Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_______________canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.

2.Inshops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore_______________.

3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseof“swarmintelligence”phenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_______________.

4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_______________.

5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_______________ishigh,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.

6.Usingthe“swarm-moves”model,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_______________toincreasesales.

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