从概念、编制方法和应用的角度， 对居民消费价格指数(CPI)和购买力平价(PPP)进行比较。
一、消费价格指数( CPI)居民消费价格指数是反映一定时期内城乡居民所购买的生活消费品价格和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数，我国编制价格指数的商品和服务项目， 根据全国城乡近11万户居民家庭消费支出构成资料和有关规定确定， 目前共包括八大类， 251个基本分类， 约700个代表品种。居民消费价格指数就是在对全国550个样本市县近3万个采价点进行价格调查的基础上，根据国际规范的流程和公式算出来的。利用居民消费价指数，可以观察和分析消费品的零售价格和服务价格变动对城乡居民实际生活费支出的影响程度，是进行价格总水平监测和调控及国民经济核算的重要指标。
二、购买力评价( PPP) 购买力平价是指不同国家商品 ( 货物和劳务 ) 的价格比率 , 也就是基准国单位通货所能购买的商品数量, 在对比国购买时需要该国通货的数额，调查收集对比国家150 多类、 2000多种代表规格品 ( 商品和劳务 )的价格资料 , 并利用支出法计算的各国国内生产总值作基础, 用国内生产总值按150 多类划分的支出构成作为权数 , 进行加权平均 , 计算出的国内生产总值的购买力平价。用PPP代替汇率作为货币转换因子，可以消除各国消费支出额中的价格因素，从而比较各国物量意义上的消费支出水平。
暂无解析
Wethankyou_____foryoucooperation.
Hehad30poundsinhispocket____hewasdeterminedtobuyhissonagift.
Heborrowedabooktheotherday，theauthor____isaworker.
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.(77)Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.
(78)Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.
6.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?
A)Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.
B)Byworkinghardfor10or20years.
C)Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.
D)Byreproducingit.(C)
7.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?
A)Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.
B)Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.
C)Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.
D)Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.
8.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor________.
A)intelligentrobotsB)achemicalelementC)anorganicsubstanceD)humanbeings(D)
9.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen________.
A)itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestion
B)itisabletobeartheroughenvironment
C)itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrain
D)itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones(A)
10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
A)aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction
B)withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability
C)oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossesintelligence
D)robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace
Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
