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简述护理伦理学的基本原则及其对护理人员的具体要求。

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护理伦理学的基本原则来源于生命伦理学。目前,国外关于生命伦理学基本原则的观点主要有二原则说、四原则说和五原则说。生命伦理学二原则说,允许(允诺)原则和行善原则是生命伦理学的基本原则。

生命伦理学四原则说,生命伦理学的基本原则被阐释为:自主原则、不伤害原则、行善原则、公正原则。生命伦理学五原则说,生命价值原则、善良原则、公正原则、说实话(或诚实)原则、个人自由原则是伦理学基本原则。

我国护理伦理学基本原则内容:“救死扶伤,防病治病,实行社会主义人道主义,全心全意为人民身心健康服务”。

社会主义医德基本原则也适用于护理伦理学基本原则:“救死扶伤,防病治病“是社会主义道德对护理人员的要求,反映了医护工作的根本任务及职业道德的特点;”实行社会主义人道主义”是社会公德的要求,体现了护理道德继承性和时代性的统一;“全心全意为人民身心健康服务”是护理道德的根本宗旨,三个方面构成了相互联系,不可分割的统一体,最终落实在“全心全意为人民身心健康服务”的根本宗旨上。

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