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Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.
Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.
Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.
Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.
Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.
1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?
A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.
B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.
C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.
D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.
2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?
A.Thefirstsentence.
B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.
C.Thefourthsentence.
D.Thelastsentence.
3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture___.
A.destroyedtheUnitedStates.
B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues.
C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates.
D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.
4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat___.
A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals.
B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles.
C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives.
D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore.
5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe___.
A.ResultsofFeministMovements
B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife
C.CountercultureandItsconsequence
D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles.
PartIIVocabularyandStructure
Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
21.Agreatmanycancerscanbecuredbutonlyifbeforetheyhavebeguntospreadorcolonizeinotherpartsofthebody.
A.properlytreat
B.properlytreating
C.beingproperlytreated
D.properlytreated
22.sheisalikeablegirl,sheisverydifficulttoworkwith.
A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsfarasD.While
23.Allthetouristsgavetherobbertheirmoney.
A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightful
24.herage,shereallydidagoodjobinsuchashorttime.
A.GivingB.GivesC.GiveD.Given
25.Thesoldierwaswithneglectinghisduty.
A.chargedB.conductedC.chargedD.committed
26.Thereasonwhythecarstoppedwas.
A.becausetheroadwasnotgoodB.thattheroadwasnotgood
C.duetothebadroadD.becauseofthebadroad
27.You’dbetterhurry,youmightbelateforclass.
A.orB.andC.unlessD.but
28.,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess.
A.ItwasexpectedB.Whichwasexpected
C.AswasexpectedD.Thatwasexpected
29.ThedoctorfeltJohn’sarmtoifthebonewasbroken.
A.workoutB.findoutC.lookatD.seeout
30.Hejustmysuggestionatthemeetingyesterday.
A.putawayB.shutdownC.showedoffD.brushedaside
31.Thequestionatthenextmeetingremainasecret.
A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed
32.Hislazinesshisfailureinthefinalexam.
A.gaveupB.contributedC.resultedinD.distributed
33.Theteacher’stomystatementaboutthispoetledmetoreadwidelyaboutpoems.
A.changeB.chargeC.challengeD.chance
34.Onmostofthenights,Janereadinglettersfromherboyfriend.
A.stayedoffB.stayedonC.stayedoutD.stayedup
35.Thefirst-yearstudentswerelearningformthearmyinMiyun,asuburbofBeijingnearIlived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which
36.Lyndaandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimthepostoftypist.
A.approachedB.appliedforC.appealedtoD.approvedof
37.Anybodyisentitledtosuchbenefitofageorsex.
A.regardlessB.whetherC.inspiteD.incase
38.Inthisbuildingeachapartmentcouldafamilyofsix.
A.houseB.coverC.makeD.include
39.Itriedtogetoutofthebusiness,Ifoundimpossible.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
40.Whenheexplaineditagainandagain,thestudent’spatience.
A.ranoverB.ranonC.ranoutD.ranoff
41.WhenherneighborGrandmaWangbecameill,thegirloften.
A.fittedinB.workedoutC.heldbackD.helpedout
42.Ifyoureallywanttoapplyforthedangerousjob,Iwon’t,thoughtIthinkit’sacrazyidea.
A.stoodinyourwayB.standontheway
C.standinyourwayD.standbytheway
43.Hewastryingtoread;,thephonekeptringing.
A.meanwhileB.thenC.laterD.afterwards
44.Iamoutofthosepeoplewholikeastrenuous(费力的)holiday;Ibelievein.
A.tookiteasyB.takeniteasy
C.takingiteasyD.takingiteasily
45.Thepolicematchedthefingerprintsandfoundtheywere.
A.equivalentB.identicalC.similarD.equal
46.Formally,intheUnitedStates,manynursesworkedasprivatedutynursesinhospitals.
A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherthan
47.Ifyoudon’tmind.Idomyhomeworkthanplaycardswithyou.
A.hadbetterB.preferC.wouldratherD.wouldlike
48.Theirideawastogetustothestrikeatonce.
A.callatB.calloffC.callinD.callfor
49.MycarsoIhadtocomebybus.
A.felldownB.brokedownC.felloverD.turnedaway
50.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.
A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.explanation
51.Whichis,NorthAmericaorSouthAmerica?
A.biggestB.thebiggestC.morebiggestD.bigger
52.Youshouldobservecarefullyhowtheaudiencehisspeech.
A.reachtoB.refertoC.reacttoD.relateto
53.Thesefarmersgotagoodharvestlastyear,sotheyabigsumofmoneyfornewfarmmachines.
A.setasideB.setaboutC.setupD.setback
54.Oneofmysayingsis“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”
A.likelyB.favorableC.alikeD.favorite
55.Allisacontinuoussupplyoffueloil.
A.whatisneededB.thatisneeded
C.thethingisneededD.fortheirneeds
56.Thehighincometaxisharmfulitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.
A.inthatB.thatC.inwhichD.which
57.Anewtechniqueout,theyieldincreasesby20%.
A.havingworkingB.havingbeenworked
C.atalossD.forgood
58.Thebirdflewintotheairandwassoon.
A.outofsightB.inahurryC.atalossD.forgood
59.ItisdecidedthatheforabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing.
A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranges
60.Iknowit’snotimportantbutIcan’thelpaboutit.
A.tothinkB.thinkingC.andthinkD.beingthought
Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,onthemeaningof“future”.Ifoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.G.Wellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwillliveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortar(泥灰，灰浆)willlonghavegoneoutoffashion.
Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscenturyisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard“housing”offlattenedpetrolcansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.
Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualor(肮脏)anddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenements(贫民住宅)arerisingatanastonishingaped.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservices,drainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.
1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?
A.Theymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefuture.
B.Theyareunimportantandeasilydealtwith.
C.Theywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscovered.
D.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture.
2.Thewriterissurethatinthedistantfuture___.
A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterial.
B.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninvented.
C.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionable.
D.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered.
3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemlikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury___.
A.isdifficulttoforesee.
B.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulation.
C.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworld.
D.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace.
4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts___.
A.standardsofbuildingarelow.
B.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossible.
C.thereisnotenoughgroundspace.
D.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest.
5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?
A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugees.
B.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugees.
C.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberofotherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.
D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmayfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem.
