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PASSAGE TWO
(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who
invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the
money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature,
science, economics and —perhaps most importantly —peace.
(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries
have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done
something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award
ceremonies for all kinds of things.
(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American
film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots
of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as
that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.
(4) But it’ s not only f ilms---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury
Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can
expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and
compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for
British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently
giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds,
putting animals in glass cases or— this year— building a garden shed.
(5) Award s don ’ t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports
Personality ofthe Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer
of the Year. This seems very strange— sometimes awards can be good to give
recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’ t make a lot of
money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional
soccer players these days certainly aren’ t short of cash!
(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own
award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have
graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council
has its own awards for “ Innovation in English Language Teaching”.
(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare
never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles
Dickens.
(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and
artists couldwin “patronage form rich people”—a king or a lord would give the
artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them
develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the
world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded
by the state or by private companies.
(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this
process.
(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many
more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel
Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the
ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The
result?The group sells lots more records. (11) Most award ceremonies are now
sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the
person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards,
for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!
(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “ Win -win ”situation, with everyone
being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity
and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement
is taking place?
1. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars,
the Golden Globes and
Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)
A. Amused.
B. Appreciative.
C. Sarcastic.
D. Serious.
2. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?
A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.
B. They would turn to popular novel writing.
C. They would continue non-fiction writing.
D. They would try controversial forms of art.
3. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?
A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.
B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.
C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.
D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.
4. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in
the past and those at present
lies in_____________.
A. nature of work
B. personal contact
C. source of funding
D. social status
5. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards
________.
A. promote market rather than achievements
B. do good to both market and popularity
C. help those who are really talented
D. are effective in making people popular
PART VREADING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished
statements, each withfour suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one
that you think is the best answer.
TEXT A
Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is
America's most widespread
nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and
present danger to people's health. Day
and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical
and psychological stress. No one is
immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the
ear, in fact, never closes and the
body still responds— sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in
the night.
The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward
symptom of the stress building
up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have
made public annoyance the basis of
many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health
hazards associated with stress
caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention.
Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made
irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other
thing may be happening to us,
some of which may be damaging to our health.
Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable
and measurable by health
professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us,
there may be a risk that exposure to the
stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more
susceptible among us may experience
noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise
that causes annoyance and irritability
in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind
or body.
Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of
effects on the unborn child when
mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and
childhood, youngsters exposed
to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary
amounts of rest.
Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is
because the link between noise and
many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.
Perhaps it is because we tend to
dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may
also be because we still think of
hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean ___.
A.unaffected by
B.hurt by
C.unlikely to be seen by
D.unknown by
2.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.
A.unrealistic
B.traditional
C.concerned
D.hysterical
3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.
B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.
C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.
D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.
4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.
A.is against the law
B.can make some people irritable
C.is a nuisance
D.in a ganger to people's health
5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on
people to be ___.
A.unimportant
B.impossible.
C.a waste of money
D.essential
