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PartIIICloze
Directions:Therearetwentyblanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassageandthenmarksyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn61.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,62beingmorecapablethanothers.63nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligence64hehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhat65totheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought66.Ifanindividualishandicapped(受阻碍)67,itislikelythathisbrainwill68todevelopandhewill69attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis70.
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbe71bythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandJohn.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheyareplacedin72foster(寄养)homes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinan73communitywithpooreducational74.John,75,waseducatedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohasbeentocollege.Thisenvironmental76continueduntilthetwinswere77theirlateteens,78theyweregiventeststo79theirintelligence.John’sI.Q.(智商)was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthanthe80andfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.
61.A.forB.byC.withD.in
62.A.mostB.someC.manyD.few
63.A.ButB.ForC.StillD.And
64.A.ifB.thoughtC.asD.unless
65.A.refersB.appliesC.happensD.concerns
66.A.aboutB.upC.forwardD.forth
67.A.relativelyB.intelligentlyC.regularlyD.environmentally
68.A.failB.helpC.manageD.stop
69.A.everB.neverC.evenD.nearly
70.A.ableB.capableC.availableD.acceptable
71.A.demonstratedB.deniedC.neglectedD.ignored
72.A.separateB.similarC.remoteD.individual
73.A.omittedB.isolatedC.enclosedD.occupied
74.A.possibilitiesB.opportunitiesC.capacitiesD.responsibilities
75.A.moreoverB.consequentlyC.thenD.however
76.A.exceptionB.divisionC.differenceD.alteration
77.A.inB.byC.atC.for
78.A.whileB.sinceC.whenD.because
79.A.estimateB.countC.decideD.measure
80.A.averageB.commonC.usualD.ordinary
PartIIVocabularyandStructure
Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
21.Theteacherthestudentsonatourthroughtheartmuseum.
A.madeB.indicatedC.forcedD.took
22.Tom’sparentsdiedwhenhewasachild,sohewasbyhisrelatives.
A.grownupB.broughtupC.raisedD.fedup
23.Hereismycard.Let’skeepin.
A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship
24.Sofarthereisnoproofpeoplefromotherplanetsdoexist.
A.whichB.howC.whatD.that
25.Thenewspapersreportedyesterdayseveralontheboundariesofthesetwocountries.
A.incidentsB.happeningsC.eventsD.accidents
26.We’veworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto.
A.factB.realityC.practiceD.deed
27.Hedidn’tandsohefailedtheexamination.
A.workenoughhardB.hardworkenoughC.hardenoughworkD.workhardenough
28.NotuntilMr.SmithcametoChinawhatkindofcountrysheis.
A.heknewB.hedidn’tknowC.didheknowD.hecouldn’tknow
29.Scientistssayitmaybetenyearsthismedicinewasputtouse.
A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when
30.Insomecountries,iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how
31.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim.
A.wouldtelephoneB.wouldhavetelephone
C.hadtelephonedD.musthavetelephoned
32.We’vemissedthelastbus,I’mafraidwehavenobuttotakeataxi.
A.wayB.possibilityC.choiceD.selection
33.Luckily,mostsheepthefloodlastmonth.
A.enduredB.survivedC.livedD.passed
34.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyownofliving.
A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion
35.Likeotherlanguageskills,readingrequirespractice.
A.themostofB.muchoftheC.mostoftheD.moreofthe
36.Itisonlythroughpracticeonewillbeabletoswimskillfully.
A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which
37.Thebrainiscapableofignoringpainmessageoftoconcentrateonotheractivities.
A.itallowedB.isitallowedC.allowedD.allowedit
38.Don’tworry,Ihavealreadythemthedecision.
A.informed;withB.informed;ofC.informed;forD.informed;that
39.Thechildwassorryhismotherwhenhearrivedatthestation.
A.tomissB.havingmissedC.missingD.tohavemissed
40.Iwonderwhyhetodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.
A.declinedB.rejectedC.refusedD.delayed
41.Youcanhangupwhatyoulikeonthesewalls.
A.bareB.emptyC.blankD.vacant
42.Accordingtoa,themajoritywouldratherhavenewspaperswithoutagovernmentthanagovernmentwithoutnewspapers.
A.electionB.campaignC.pollD.vote
43.Thepopulationofthevillagehasdecreased150to500.
A.inB.atC.byD.with
44.ItseemsthatthereisthatIcan’tdo.
A.nothingB.anythingC.everythingD.none
45.Theyareoftencaringmoreaboutanimalsthanhumanbeings.
A.accusedifB.accusedwithC.chargedofD.chargedfor
46.agoodbeginningismade,thewordishalfdone.
A.AssoonasB.WhileC.AsD.Once
47.Georgecouldnothisfoolishmistake.
A.accountinB.countonC.countforD.accountfor
48.Wecameintothisfieldlate,sowemustworkhardtothelosttime.
A.makeupforB.makeoutC.keepupwithD.putupwith
49.Thenewlawwillcameintoonthedayitispassed.
A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence
50.Wecanseparatethemixtureintothepurechemicalcompoundsitiscomposed.
A.inwhichB.ofwhatC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
51.Mrs.Lincolnhasthatsheisunabletogetajob.
A.suchsmalleducationB.solittleeducation
C.asuchlittleeducationD.asosmalleducation
52.Shecan’tpreventherlittleboyshootingbirds.
A.from;toB.on;atC.with;upD.from;at
53.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof.
A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material
54.Adarkenedskyinthedaytimeisusuallyandindicationthatastormis.
A.possiblecomingB.abouttotakeplace
C.closebyD.expectedtobesevere
55.Weallknowthatspeaklouderthanwords.
A.movementsB.performanceC.operationsD.actions
56.,hecouldnotcoverthewholedistanceinfifteenminutes.
A.FastashecanB.Ashecanranfast
C.IfhecanranfastD.Sinceheranfast
57.Agriculturalproductioninthatcountryhasincreasedinrecentyears.
A.vastlyB.strikinglyC.considerablyD.extremely
58.Peterhasplannedtosomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyausedcarnextyear.
A.setasideB.setupC.setinD.setalong
59.AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookanyofwhatIsaid.
A.attentionB.noticeC.warningD.observation
60.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandfulfilledtheplanthreemonthsaheadoftime,issomethingwehadnotexpected.
A.thatB.whatC.itD.which
TEXTB
Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,art,ormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcould
suchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother'sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalooking
formathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.
Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeof
someverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnoone
inheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneral
abilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,they
willprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.
Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthe
handsorthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthe
movementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganized
aroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganized
aboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapable
fingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveof
it,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.
Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforces
intheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.
6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?
A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheir
pregnancy.
B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.
C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.
D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.
7.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat____.
A.sheisemotionallyshocked
B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance
C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities
D.shestickstostudying
8.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit____.
A.everythingfromhismotherB.aknowledgeofmathematics
C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence
D.hermother'smusicalability
9.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthe
handsorofthevocalorgans,hewill____.
A.surelybecomemusician
B.mostlybecomeapoet
C.possiblybecomeateacher
D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic
10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.RoleofInheritance.
B.AnUnbornChild.
C.Functionofinstincts.
D.InheritedTalents.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
PASSAGEONE
(1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmerican
character.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.
(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.
(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.
(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfit
intothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.
(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.
(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfind
thisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.
(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.
1.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________.
A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition
B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork
C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety
D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities
2.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?
A.Comparison
D.Causeandeffect
C.Definition
D.Processanalysis
PASSAGETWO
(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.
(2)NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels.Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.
(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.
(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVformusic.InBritain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewiththeDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear—buildingagardenshed.
(5)Awardsdon’tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!
(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.
(7)Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize, nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.
(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin“patronageformrichpeople”—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Alotofscientificresearchisnoweitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.
(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.
(10)However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewillgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Theresult?Thegroupsellslotsmorerecords.(11)Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!
(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?
1.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesand
Grammies(Paras.3&4)
A.Amused.
B.Appreciative.
C.Sarcastic.
D.Serious.
2.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?
A.Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.
B.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.
C.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.
D.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?
A.Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.
B.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.
C.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.
D.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.
4.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresent
liesin_____________.
A.natureofwork
B.personalcontact
C.sourceoffunding
D.socialstatus
5.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.
A.promotemarketratherthanachievements
B.dogoodtobothmarketandpopularity
C.helpthosewhoarereallytalented
D.areeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopular
