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贵州省江口县与云南省民族地区的精准扶贫工作内容有哪些共通之处?请结合材料概括说明。

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①兼顾人与自然的和谐关系,实施绿色扶贫的战略;②利用当地资源打造区域品牌,然后以区域品牌推动重点产业发展,实现产业扶贫。

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材料一:日前,中国科学院在京召开新闻发布会对外宣布“墨子号”进行科学实验卫星提前并圆满实现全部既定科学目标,为我国在未来继续引领世界量子通过研究奠定了坚实的基础。通信安全是国家信息安全和人类经济社会生活的基本需求。千百年来,人们对于通信安全的追求从未停止。然而,基于计算复杂性的传统加密技术,在原理上存在着被破译的可能性,随着数学和计算能力的不断提升,经典密码被破译的可能性与日俱增,中国科学技术大学潘建伟教授说:“通过量子通信可以解决这个问题,把量子物理与信息技术相结合,利用量子调控技术,用一种革命性的方式对信息进行编码、存储、传输和操纵,从而在确保信息安全,提高运算速度,提升测量精度等方面突破经典信息技术的瓶颈。”量子通信主要研究内容包括量子密匙分发和量子隐形的传态,量子密匙分发通过量子态的传输,使遥远两地的用户可以共享无条件安全的密匙,利用该密匙对信息进行一次一密的严格加密,这是目前人类唯一已知的不可窃听,不可破译的无条件安全的通信方式。量子通信的另一重要内容量子隐形传态,是利用量子纠缠特性讲物质的未知量子态精确传送到遥远地点,而不用传送物质本身。通过隐形传输实现信息传送。(摘编自吴月辉《墨子号”,抢占量子科技创新制高点》,《人民日报》2017年8月10日)材料二:潘建伟的导师安东·蔡林格说,潘建伟的团队在量子互联网的发展方面冲到了领先地位,量子互联网是由卫星和地面设备构成的能够在全球范围分享量子信息的网络。这将使不可破解的全球加密通信成为可能,同时也使我们可以开展一些新的控制远距离量子联系的实验。目前,潘建伟的团队计划发射第二颗卫星,他们还在中国的天宫二号空间站上进行着一项太空量子实验,潘建伟说,未来五年“还会取得很多精彩的成果,一个新的时代已经到来”。潘建伟是一个有着无穷热情的乐观主义者,他低调地表达了自己的信心,称中国政府将会支持下一个宏伟计划——一项投资20亿美元的量子通信、量子计量和量子计划的五年计划,与此形成对照的是欧洲2016年宣布的旗舰项目,投资额为12亿美元。(摘编自伊丽莎白·吉布尼《一位把量子通信带到太空又带回地球的物理学家》、《自然》2017年12月)材料三:日本《读卖新闻》5月2日报道:中国实验设施瞄准一流(记者:莳田一彦、船越翔)在中国南部广东省东莞市郊外的丘陵地带,中国刚才刚建成了大型实验设施,“中国散裂中子源”,该实验设施建设费用达到23亿元人民币,3月正式投入运行。中国是继美国、英国、日本之后第四个拥有同样设施的国家。日本的J-PARC加速器设施中心主任齐藤直人说:“虽然日本在技术和经验上领先,但中国发展得实在太快,亚洲的中心正在从日本向中国转移。”中国推进的这类大型工程还有很多。3月,中国人民政治协商会议开幕。政协委员潘建伟被媒体记者团团围住。潘建伟是利用2016年发射的“墨子号”人造卫星进行量子通信研究的研究团队负责人,其团队2017年以后相继发布了多项世界首创的实验成果。潘建伟今年当选美国《时代》杂志“全球百大最具影响力人物”。使用人造卫星的实验要耗费巨额资金,欧洲和日本还在犹豫不决、日本的研究人员还在犹豫不决,日本的研究人员认为,“在基础科学领域,中国正在踏入他国难以涉足的领域,领先世界”。(摘编自《参考消息》2018年5月7日)以上三则材料中,《人民日报》《自然》《读卖新闻》报道的侧重点有什么不同?为什么?请结合材料简要分析。

材料一:

随着我国城镇化进程的加快以及人民生活水平的提高,生活垃圾的总量也在不断加大,部分城市在市郊露天堆放垃圾,对天气、土壤、水的环境造成污染。大量餐厨垃圾与其他垃圾混合填埋或焚烧,产生有毒物质,威胁着居民健康,这种现象正在向农村地区漫延。

垃圾分类作为垃圾处理的前端环节,其作用早已得到世界的公认,分类收集不仅能大幅度减少垃圾给环境带来的污染,节约垃圾无害化处理费用,更能使资源得到重复利用,有人将垃圾称为“放错了地方的资源”,据保守估计,我国城市每年丢弃的可回收垃圾价值在300亿元左右。但我国的垃圾分类工作一直难以有效推进,相关调查显示,约四分之一的受访者认为垃圾分类效果不明显或完全没有效果。

材料二:

笔者所在的小区,居民楼前三个垃圾桶分别表示出应放置可回收物、其他垃圾和餐厨垃圾。可是大多数居民还是把垃圾混杂在一起,一扔了之。问及原因时,有人说:“我辛辛苦苦分了类,环卫车辆却混在一起运走了,分类还有什么意义?”

这种现象可以说是屡见不鲜,垃圾分类处理是个复杂的系统工程,包括分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理,各个环节必须分配套衔接,才能高效运行。分类投放是居民的责任,分类收集、分类运输、分类处理是政府的责任。分类投放是参与率和准确率较低,会影响垃圾分类制度的实施效果;而分类的目标和途径不十分清晰,后端分类处理不到位、不完善,又影响前端居民分类的积极性。

前不久,国务院办公厅转发国家发改委、住建部《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》,给出了我国推进垃圾分类的总体路线图。但是,这一方案即使再科学合理,如果缺乏全民动员、全民参与,也难以由蓝图变为现实。我们应当认识到,生活垃圾虽然有资源属性,但污染属性更不可忽视。不按要求扔垃圾,并不只是“把资源放错了地方”而已,实际上,那就是随意丢弃污染物、危害环境的行为。垃圾分类是我们作为“污染者”的基本责任,责无旁贷。当然,各地政府同样不能以“居民没有分类”“缺乏资金”等理由拖延、观望,应当落实政府主体责任,坚持政府主导,根据本地特点,做好分类收集、分类运输、分类处理设施体系建设,同时制定完善的惩罚和奖励的政策措施。

随着生态文明建设的持续推进、国民素质的提升和垃圾处理设施的进步,普遍推行垃圾分类制度的条件已经成熟。重要的是,居民和政府快把自家的“门前雪”打扫干净吧!各负其责,各尽气力,形成合力,减量化、资源化、无害化的目标一定能够实现,垃圾分类前景可期。

摘编自刘毅《垃圾分类应自扫门前雪》,2017年5月6日《人民日报》

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