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TEXT B
What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother
to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or
mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could
such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is
no connection between theirnervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and
child do not join directly. An emotional shock to themother will affect her
child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her
blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for
better or worse. But we can not see how a looking
for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a
similar liking or genius in the child.
In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that
whatever we inherit must be of
some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of
behavior. It is certain that no one
inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children
inherit more or less of a rather general
ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become
deeply interested in mathematics, they
will probably make a success of that study.
As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially
sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the
hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it
comparatively easy to learn the
movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If
these factors are all organized
around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other
circumstance might be organized
about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find
expression in poetry. The capable
fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that
is inherited, then nor even the love of
it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to
acquire musical knowledge and skill.
Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking
may be decided entirely by forces
in the environment in which a child grows up.
6.Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and
other subjects during their
pregnancy.
B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal
development.
C. The blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.
D. There are no connection between mother's nervous systems and her unborn
child's.
7.A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____.
A. she is emotionally shocked
B.she has a good knowledge of inheritance
C. she takes part in all kind of activities
D. she sticks to studying
8.According to the passage, a child may inherit____.
A. everything from his mother B. a knowledge of mathematics
C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence
D. her mother's musical ability
9.If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially
sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the
hands or of the vocal organs, he will ____.
A. surely become musician
B. mostly become a poet
C. possibly become a teacher
D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized
around music
10.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Role of Inheritance.
B. An Unborn Child.
C. Function of instincts.
D. Inherited Talents.
PART VREADING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished
statements, each withfour suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one
that you think is the best answer.
TEXT A
Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is
America's most widespread
nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and
present danger to people's health. Day
and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical
and psychological stress. No one is
immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the
ear, in fact, never closes and the
body still responds— sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in
the night.
The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward
symptom of the stress building
up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have
made public annoyance the basis of
many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health
hazards associated with stress
caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention.
Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made
irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other
thing may be happening to us,
some of which may be damaging to our health.
Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable
and measurable by health
professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us,
there may be a risk that exposure to the
stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more
susceptible among us may experience
noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise
that causes annoyance and irritability
in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind
or body.
Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of
effects on the unborn child when
mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and
childhood, youngsters exposed
to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary
amounts of rest.
Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is
because the link between noise and
many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.
Perhaps it is because we tend to
dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may
also be because we still think of
hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean ___.
A.unaffected by
B.hurt by
C.unlikely to be seen by
D.unknown by
2.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.
A.unrealistic
B.traditional
C.concerned
D.hysterical
3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.
B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.
C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.
D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.
4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.
A.is against the law
B.can make some people irritable
C.is a nuisance
D.in a ganger to people's health
5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on
people to be ___.
A.unimportant
B.impossible.
C.a waste of money
D.essential
