Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute,Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause___.

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions.

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto___.

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650.

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears.

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans___.

A.statisticsofhuman.

B.surroundingsstudy.

C.accumulationofhuman.

D.developmentofhuman.

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

TheideaofaspecialdaytohonormotherswasfirstputforwardinAmericain1907.twoyearslaterawoman,Mrs.JohnBruceDodd,inthestateofWashingtonproposedasimilardaytohonortheheadofthefamily—thefather.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasveryyoung,andherfatherbroughtherup.Shelovedherfatherverymuch.

InresponsetoMrs.Dodd’sideathatsameyear—1909,thestategovernorofWashingtonproclaimed(宣布)thethirdSundayinJuneFather’sDay.TheideawasofficiallyapprovedbyPresidentWoodrowWilsonin1916.in1924,PresidentCalvinCoolidgerecommendednationalobservanceoftheoccasion“toestablishmoreintimate(亲密)relationsbetweenfathersandtheirchildren,andtoimpressuponfathersthefullmeasureoftheirobligations.”TheredorwhiteroseisrecognizedastheofficialFather’sDayflower.

Father’sDaytooklongertoestablishonanationalscalethanMother’sDay,butastheideagrainedpopularity,tradesmenandmanufacturersbegantoseethecommercialpossibilities.Theyencouragedsonsanddaughterstohonortheirfatherswithsmallthank-youpresents,suchasatieorpairofsocks,aswellasbysendinggreetingcards.

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,AmericanservicemenstationedinBritainbegantorequestFather’sDaygreetingcardstosendhome.ThisgeneratedaresponsewithBritishcardpublishers.ThoughatfirsttheBritishpublicwasslowtoacceptthisratherartificialday,it’snowwellcelebratedinBritainonthethirdSundayinJuneinmuchthesamewayasinAmerica.

Father’sDayseemstobemuchlessimportantasoccasionthantheMother’sDay.Notmanyofthechildrenoffertheirfatherssomepresents.ButtheAmericanfathersstillthinktheyaremuchbetterfatedthanthefathersofmanyothercountries,whohavenotevenadayfortheirsakeinnameonly.

11.WhendidFather’sDayofficiallybegintohavenationalpopularity?

A.1907B.1909C.1916D.1924

12.WhofirststartedtheideaofholdingtheFather’sDay?

A.Mrs.JohnBruceDoddB.Mrs.JohnBruce’sMother

C.ThegovernmentofWashington.D.Somebusinessmen.

13.WhatflowerwillbepopularonFather’sDay?

A.LilyB.WaterLilyC.RedroseorwhiteroseD.Sunflower.

14.Whichstatementistrue,aaccordingtothispassage?

A.IttookevenlongerforMother’sDaytogainnationalpopularity.

B.ThebusinessmenhelpedtomakeFather’sDaypopular.

C.Father’sDayisonlycelebratedinAmerica.

D.Father’sDayisonlyatrickofthebusinessmentomakemoney.

15.WhatwasthefirstreactionoftheBritishpublishingtowardsFather’sDay?

A.Theythoughthighlyofitandaccepteditatonce.

B.Theyjustaccepteditatoncewithoutanyhesitation.

C.Theyjustthoughtitajoke.

D.Theythoughtitwastooartificialandtookalongtimetoaccept.

AccordingtoStevenYoung,ifscientistsgetthedatathat________,theywouldpetitionforfasttrackstatus.

PartIIVocabularyandStructure

Directions:Inthisparttherearefortyincompletesentences.Eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

21.Agreatmanycancerscanbecuredbutonlyifbeforetheyhavebeguntospreadorcolonizeinotherpartsofthebody.

A.properlytreat

B.properlytreating

C.beingproperlytreated

D.properlytreated

22.sheisalikeablegirl,sheisverydifficulttoworkwith.

A.SinceB.HoweverC.AsfarasD.While

23.Allthetouristsgavetherobbertheirmoney.

A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightful

24.herage,shereallydidagoodjobinsuchashorttime.

A.GivingB.GivesC.GiveD.Given

25.Thesoldierwaswithneglectinghisduty.

A.chargedB.conductedC.chargedD.committed

26.Thereasonwhythecarstoppedwas.

A.becausetheroadwasnotgoodB.thattheroadwasnotgood

C.duetothebadroadD.becauseofthebadroad

27.You’dbetterhurry,youmightbelateforclass.

A.orB.andC.unlessD.but

28.,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess.

A.ItwasexpectedB.Whichwasexpected

C.AswasexpectedD.Thatwasexpected

29.ThedoctorfeltJohn’sarmtoifthebonewasbroken.

A.workoutB.findoutC.lookatD.seeout

30.Hejustmysuggestionatthemeetingyesterday.

A.putawayB.shutdownC.showedoffD.brushedaside

31.Thequestionatthenextmeetingremainasecret.

A.discussedB.todiscussC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed

32.Hislazinesshisfailureinthefinalexam.

A.gaveupB.contributedC.resultedinD.distributed

33.Theteacher’stomystatementaboutthispoetledmetoreadwidelyaboutpoems.

A.changeB.chargeC.challengeD.chance

34.Onmostofthenights,Janereadinglettersfromherboyfriend.

A.stayedoffB.stayedonC.stayedoutD.stayedup

35.Thefirst-yearstudentswerelearningformthearmyinMiyun,asuburbofBeijingnearIlived.

A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which

36.Lyndaandhundredsofyoungpeoplelikehimthepostoftypist.

A.approachedB.appliedforC.appealedtoD.approvedof

37.Anybodyisentitledtosuchbenefitofageorsex.

A.regardlessB.whetherC.inspiteD.incase

38.Inthisbuildingeachapartmentcouldafamilyofsix.

A.houseB.coverC.makeD.include

39.Itriedtogetoutofthebusiness,Ifoundimpossible.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what

40.Whenheexplaineditagainandagain,thestudent’spatience.

A.ranoverB.ranonC.ranoutD.ranoff

41.WhenherneighborGrandmaWangbecameill,thegirloften.

A.fittedinB.workedoutC.heldbackD.helpedout

42.Ifyoureallywanttoapplyforthedangerousjob,Iwon’t,thoughtIthinkit’sacrazyidea.

A.stoodinyourwayB.standontheway

C.standinyourwayD.standbytheway

43.Hewastryingtoread;,thephonekeptringing.

A.meanwhileB.thenC.laterD.afterwards

44.Iamoutofthosepeoplewholikeastrenuous(费力的)holiday;Ibelievein.

A.tookiteasyB.takeniteasy

C.takingiteasyD.takingiteasily

45.Thepolicematchedthefingerprintsandfoundtheywere.

A.equivalentB.identicalC.similarD.equal

46.Formally,intheUnitedStates,manynursesworkedasprivatedutynursesinhospitals.

A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherthan

47.Ifyoudon’tmind.Idomyhomeworkthanplaycardswithyou.

A.hadbetterB.preferC.wouldratherD.wouldlike

48.Theirideawastogetustothestrikeatonce.

A.callatB.calloffC.callinD.callfor

49.MycarsoIhadtocomebybus.

A.felldownB.brokedownC.felloverD.turnedaway

50.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.

A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.explanation

51.Whichis,NorthAmericaorSouthAmerica?

A.biggestB.thebiggestC.morebiggestD.bigger

52.Youshouldobservecarefullyhowtheaudiencehisspeech.

A.reachtoB.refertoC.reacttoD.relateto

53.Thesefarmersgotagoodharvestlastyear,sotheyabigsumofmoneyfornewfarmmachines.

A.setasideB.setaboutC.setupD.setback

54.Oneofmysayingsis“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”

A.likelyB.favorableC.alikeD.favorite

55.Allisacontinuoussupplyoffueloil.

A.whatisneededB.thatisneeded

C.thethingisneededD.fortheirneeds

56.Thehighincometaxisharmfulitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.

A.inthatB.thatC.inwhichD.which

57.Anewtechniqueout,theyieldincreasesby20%.

A.havingworkingB.havingbeenworked

C.atalossD.forgood

58.Thebirdflewintotheairandwassoon.

A.outofsightB.inahurryC.atalossD.forgood

59.ItisdecidedthatheforabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing.

A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranges

60.Iknowit’snotimportantbutIcan’thelpaboutit.

A.tothinkB.thinkingC.andthinkD.beingthought