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试述如何正确分析和评价杰出人物在历史中的作用?

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正确答案:

(1)杰出人物是一定历史条件下的产物,要正确认识杰出人物的历史作用,需要坚持历史主义原则,任何一个杰出人物的出现,都是时代的需要。

(2)在阶级社会里,杰出人物总是一定阶级的代表,要正确认识杰出人物的历史作用,必须对他们作阶级分析。

(3)杰出人物的出现及其历史作用都是必然性与偶然性的辩证统一,必须用辩证统一的观点來分析杰出人物的历史作用。

(4)任何杰出人物都有巨大的历史功绩,也必然会有缺点或错误,因此对他们的历史作用要作全面的分析,不能肯定一切,也不能否定一切。

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Someyearsagothecaptainofashipwasveryinterestedinmedicine.Healwaystookmedicinebookstoseaandlikedtotalkaboutdifferentdiseases.

Onedayalazysailoronhisshippretendedtobeill.Helayonhisbunk(铺)andgroanedasifhewereverysick.Thecaptaincametoseehimandwasverypleasedtohaveapatienttolookafter.Hetoldthemantorestforafewdaysandmadetheothersailorsdohiswork.Threedayslateranothersailorpretendedthathehadsomethingwrongwithhischest.Oncemorethecaptainlookedinhismedicalbooksandtold“sick”mantohavearest.

Theothersailorswereveryangrybecausetheyhadmoreworktodo.Thepatientshadthebestfoodandlaughedattheirfriendswhenthecaptainwasnotlooking.Atlastthemate(船长副手)decidedtocurethe“sick”men.Hemixedupsomesoap,soot(烟灰),glue(胶水)andotherunpleasantthings.Thenheobtainedpermissionfromthecaptaintogivehismedicinetothe“sick”men.Whentheytastedthemedicine,theyreallydidfeelill.Itwassohorriblethatoneofthepatientsjumpedoutofhibunk,ranupondeskandclimbedthehighestmastontheship.Hedidnotwantanymoremedicine.

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1.Thefirstsailorpretendedtobeillbecausehewantedto.

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C.havethebestfoodontheshipD.playajokeonhisfriends

2.Whenthecaptainknewasailorwasill,he.

A.didn’tcaremuchB.sentforadoctor

C.lookedafterhimandtoldhimtohavearestD.gavehimsomemedicine

3.Thepatientsfeltbetterquicklybecause.

A.theyhadbeengivenpropermedicine

B.theylearnedthatthecaptainhadfoundoutthetruth

C.theywerelaughedatbytheirfriends

D.themedicinethemategavewashorrible

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A.toldthemnottodosoagainB.losthistemper

C.madethemworkharderD.firedthem

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A.wayB.possibilityC.choiceD.selection

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37.Thebrainiscapableofignoringpainmessageoftoconcentrateonotheractivities.

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38.Don’tworry,Ihavealreadythemthedecision.

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39.Thechildwassorryhismotherwhenhearrivedatthestation.

A.tomissB.havingmissedC.missingD.tohavemissed

40.Iwonderwhyhetodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.

A.declinedB.rejectedC.refusedD.delayed

41.Youcanhangupwhatyoulikeonthesewalls.

A.bareB.emptyC.blankD.vacant

42.Accordingtoa,themajoritywouldratherhavenewspaperswithoutagovernmentthanagovernmentwithoutnewspapers.

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43.Thepopulationofthevillagehasdecreased150to500.

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44.ItseemsthatthereisthatIcan’tdo.

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46.agoodbeginningismade,thewordishalfdone.

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47.Georgecouldnothisfoolishmistake.

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48.Wecameintothisfieldlate,sowemustworkhardtothelosttime.

A.makeupforB.makeoutC.keepupwithD.putupwith

49.Thenewlawwillcameintoonthedayitispassed.

A.effectB.useC.serviceD.existence

50.Wecanseparatethemixtureintothepurechemicalcompoundsitiscomposed.

A.inwhichB.ofwhatC.ofwhichD.fromwhich

51.Mrs.Lincolnhasthatsheisunabletogetajob.

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C.asuchlittleeducationD.asosmalleducation

52.Shecan’tpreventherlittleboyshootingbirds.

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