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简述小学科学教学讲授应该遵循的原则。

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正确答案:

(1)激发学生的主题意识,增强其学习的内动力。

(2)设疑激趣相结合,增强讲授的吸引力。

(3)科学透辟相结合,增强讲授的说服力。

(4)注重生动形象,增强讲授的感染力。

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Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Some years ago the captain of a ship was very interested in medicine. He always took medicine books to sea and liked to talk about different diseases. One day a lazy sailor on his ship pretended to be ill. He lay on his bunk (铺) and groaned as if he were very sick. The captain came to see him and was very pleased to have a patient to look after. He told the man to rest for a few days and made the other sailors do his work. Three days later another sailor pretended that he had something wrong with his chest. Once more the captain looked in his medical books and told “sick” man to have a rest. The other sailors were very angry because they had more work to do. The patients had the best food and laughed at their friends when the captain was not looking. At last the mate (船长副手) decided to cure the “sick” men. He mixed up some soap, soot (烟灰), glue (胶水) and other unpleasant things. Then he obtained permission from the captain to give his medicine to the “sick” men. When they tasted the medicine, they really did feel ill. It was so horrible that one of the patients jumped out of hi bunk, ran up on desk and climbed the highest mast on the ship. He did not want any more medicine. The mate told both of the men that they must take the medicine every half an hour, night and day. This soon cured them. They both said they felt better and wanted to start word again. The captain realized that the men tried to deceive him so he made them work very hard for the rest of the voyage. 1. The first sailor pretended to be ill because he wanted to . A. test the captain’s knowledge of medicine  B. be free from work C. have the best food on the ship  D. play a joke on his friends 2. When the captain knew a sailor was ill, he . A. didn’t care much  B. sent for a doctor C. looked after him and told him to have a rest D. gave him some medicine 3. The patients felt better quickly because . A. they had been given proper medicine B. they learned that the captain had found out the truth C. they were laughed at by their friends D. the medicine the mate gave was horrible 4. When the captain knew he had been deceived, he . A. told them not to do so again  B. lost his temper C. made them work harder  D. fired them 5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage? A. A sudden Cure.  B. Two Patients.  C. Captain and Sailors.  D. A Difficult Voyage.
试题分类: 大学英语六级
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Part III Cloze Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet. What makes a child speak a language has long been a puzzle to linguists. 61 speaking, there are two schools of linguists, both of whom try to explain 62 a child picks up a language so easily. The fact that a child picks a language 63 is 64 : At one year old, a child is able to say “bye-bye”; at two, he is able to use fifty; by there he begins to 65 tenses. The famous American linguist Noam Chomsky 66 that human being have a sort of built-in system for language use, and that the 67 is 68 . Children are not taught language 69 they are taught arithmetic. Other linguists, 70 , hold the view that a child learns 71 of his language from the hints in the environment. 72 , theorists of both schools 73 that there is a biological basis for language use. The 74 is which is more important, the inner ability or the environment. This is certainly a field 75 to be explored. Researchers from both schools are busy finding evidence to 76 their own theory, but 77 side is persuading the other. It seems that in order to 78 why a child learns a language so easily, we have to 79 the joint efforts of both schools. Some linguist, like De Villiers, has recognized the value of cooperation, and 80 linguists of both sides to work together. 61. A. Surprisingly B. Personally C. Properly D. Roughly 62. A. that B. when C. why D. how 63. A. independently B. naturally C. without help D. with ease 64. A. confusing B. surprising C. questioned D. suspected 65. A. master B. study C. have D. get 66. A. doubts B. believes C. realizes D. criticizes 67. A. help B. teacher C. environment D. hint 68. A. quite essential B. very important C. not necessary D. only secondary 69. A. as B. for C. when D. though 70. A. in particular B. as a result C. however D. therefore 71. A. a little B. some C. nothing D. most 72. A. Before B. From now on C. Just now D. By now 73. A. suspect B. disagree C. agree D. realize 74. A. case B. argument C. problem D. question 75. A. waiting B. planning C. never D. unlikely 76. A. provide B. create C. supply D. support 77. A. not a B. one C. neither D. either 78. A. find out B. rule out C. search for D. look for 79. A. get rid of B. trust in C. rely on D. persist in 80. A. ordered B. criticized C. challenged D. urged
试题分类: 大学英语六级
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Roger Rosenblatt ’s book Black Fiction,in attemptingto apply literaryratherthansociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by mostprevious studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as apretextfor expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judgesthe value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according tothe notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fictionassuredly springs from politicalcircumstances ,its authors react tothose circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and storiesprimarilyas instrumentsof ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise.Rosenblatt ’s literaryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesand connections among works of Blackfiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism ofBlack fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authorsSecond, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it islargely contemporaneous Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct bodyof writingthat has an identifiable, coherent literarytradition.Looking at novels writtenby Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurringconcerns and designs independentof chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from thecentralfact that the Black charactersin these novels exist in a predominantlywhite culture,whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fictiondoes leave some aestheticquestions open. Rosenblatt ’s thematic analysispermits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intentionto judge the merit of the various works D yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especiallysince an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some ofthe novels appear to be structurallydiffuse.Is this a defect,or are the authors workingout of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic In addition, the style of someBlack novels, like JeanToomey’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does thistechnique provide a counterpointto the prevalenttheme that portrays the fate against whichBlack heroes are pitted,a theme usuallyconveyed by more naturalisticmodes of expressionIn spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes foran astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringingto our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, andits forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. 1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with __________. [A] Evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.[B] Comparing various critical approaches to a subject. [C] Discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism. [D] Summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism. 2. The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved hadRosenblatt __________. [A] Evaluated more carefully the ideological andhistoricalaspects of Black fiction. [B] Attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Blackauthors. [C] Explorein greaterdetailthe recurrentthematicconcerns of Black fictionthroughout its history. [D] Assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically. 3.author ’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as __________. [A] Pedantic and contentious. [B] Critical but admiring. [C] Ironic and deprecating. [D] Argumentative but unfocused.author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion ofRosenblatt ’s 4.book EXCEPT: __________. [A] Rhetorical questions. [B] Specific examples. [C] Comparison and contrast. [D] Definition of terms. 5. The author of the text refers to James WeldonJohnson’s Autobiography of anEx-Colored Man most probably in order to __________. [A] point out affinitiesbetween Rosenblatt ’s method of thematic analysis and earliercriticism. [B] Clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage. [C] Qualify the assessment ofRosenblatt ’s book made in the first paragraph of thepassage. [D] give a specific example of one of the accomplishments ofRosenblatt ’s work.
试题分类: 专业英语八级
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试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:0次
Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. 1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people? A.They think they are insane. B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed. C.They become violently sick. D.They are too tired to do anything. 2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by___. A.using home-made electrical goods. B.wearing clothes made of natural materials. C.walking on artificial floor coverings. D.copying TV programs on a computer. 3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found___. A.near a pound with a water pump. B.close to a slow-flowing river. C.high in some barren mountains. D.by a rotating water sprinkler. 4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors? A.Ionisers. B.Air-conditioners. C.Exhaust-fans D.Vacuum pumps. 5.Some scientists believe that___. A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismography. B.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trusted. C.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliable. D.earthquake
试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:2次
People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental”, i. e. , they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often form genetic conditions, and are severe enough to effect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious”, i.e. , accidental or caused by outside forces. Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expert to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basic are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and again employment have historically been denied on the basic of disability. In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to flight against these infringements (侵害) of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as protected class under civil rights statutes. Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level. Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships. It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws are that disabled people will be fully able to take to their right place in society. 16. ”developmental” disability . A. develops very slowly over time B. is caused forces C. occurs in youth and affects development D. is getting more and more severe 17. Most disabled people used to die early because . A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions B. they were not very well looked after C. medical techniques were not available D. they were too poor to get proper treatment 18. In the author’s opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, . A. more laws should be passed B. public attitudes should be changed C. government should provide more aids D. more public facilities should be act up 19. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage? A. Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life. B. The public tends to look down upon the disabled people. C. The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them. D. Discriminatory (有差别的) laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others. 20. The best title for this passage might be . A. Handicaps of People with Disabilities B. The Difficulties of the Disabled C. The Causes for Disabilities D. Medical Treatments for Disabilities Part II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题,每小题1分,共40分) Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. It’s still early in the morning. There isn’t in the office. A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people 22. is not known what they discussed in the meeting. A. That B. He C. This D. It 23. Yhe sad news broke her and she has been gloomy ever since. A. feelings B. emotions C. mind D. heart 24. He is much of a gentleman to fight. A. so B. as C. very D. too 25. Not until this term to realize how important this subject is to his future career as a diplomat. A. he began B. ha has begun C. did he begin D. that ha has begun 26. who would like to go on the trip should put their names on the list. A. Those B. These C. Somebody D. The ones 27. A bottle weighs less after air is taken out, proves that air has weight. A. we B. it C. which D. what 28. How long ? A. you suppose did it last B. do you suppose it lasted C. did you suppose it last D. you suppose it lasted 29. Smmith had some trouble the man’s accent. A. to understand B. understanding C. for understanding D. with understanding 30. The next few days could be for the peace negotiation. A. maximum B. practical C. critical D. urgent 31. He quite a lot when he was young. A. used to travel B. used to traveling C. was used to travel D. would used to travel 32. You me your telephone number in case someone wants to contact you. A. had better give B. had better given C. had better to give D. had better gave 33. Mary used to the room with Linda. A. separate B. divide C. hold D. share 34. —Must we hand in our exercise-books now? —No, you . A. mustn’t B. don’t C. needn’t D. can’t 35. She pulled away from the window anyone should see them. A. lest B. even though C. unless D. only if 36. Not a has been found so far that can help the police find the criminal. A. fact B. clue C. symbol D. sign 37. She would make a teacher far superior the average. A. over B. than C. beyond D. to 38. Radio is different from television in it sends and receives pictures. A. which B. that C. what D. this 39. Tom and jack have returned but students of the group haven’t come back yet. A. other B. the others C. others D. another 40. It half a year since we to study in this university. A. is; come B. is; have come C. has been; came D. has been; have come 41. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t mean it is of low quality. A. necessarily B. especially C. essentially D. practically 42. They set off by car and the nearest town. A. made for B. made after C. made out D. made to 43. Take this baggage and you can find enough room. A. put it which B. put it in which C. put it at where D. put it wherever 44. He doesn’t want that he’s going away. A. . to be known B. him to be known C. that to be known D. it to be known 45. The noise around was terrible, but I had to it. A. keep away from B. keep up with C. live with D. live on 46. He that his guests were bored, although they were listening politely. A. impressed B. sensed C. inferred D. identified 47. On Sundays I prefer at home to out. A. to say; go B. stay; going C. staying; going D. staying; go 48. I’d like to write to him, but what’s the ? He never writes back. A. significance B. business C. point D. purpose 49. There were opinions as to the best location for the new school. A. disagreeing B. conflicting C. rejecting D. reverting 50. by the news of his father’s death, he could hardly utter a word. A. To be stunned B. Stunned C. To stun D. Stunning 51. , we’d better make some changes in the plan. A. That is the case B. That been the case C. That to be the case D. That being the case 52. They have equipped the office with the business machines. A. last B. latter C. latest D. later 53. The police found that George had still another of income. A. origin B. source C. basis D. means 54. An open-minded teacher doesn’t always one single teaching method. A. set aside B. take over C. take on D. stick to 55. Much to the student’s , the exam was postponed. A. burden B. concern C. relief D. requirement 56. Children normally feel a lot of about their first day at school. A. anxiety B. difference C. feelings D. trouble 57. The weather was hot that she decided to have the barber her hairstyle. A. rather; to change B. so; change C. much too; change D. too; changed 58. She meet her former instructor on the bus. A. delighted to B. happened to C. pleased to D. tended to 59. Just as no two words are truly synonymous no two different expressions can mean exactly the same thing. A. rather B. also C. yet D. so 60. The new engineer’s suggestions were in the revised plan. A. entitled B. engaged C. embodied D. estimated
试题分类: 大学英语四级
练习次数:0次
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