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试述集体合同与劳动合同的区别。

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正确答案:

集体合同与劳动合同有着密切的联系,它们同属于劳动法律体系的重要组成部分,都是协调劳动关系的方法和手段,在协调稳定劳动关系过程中发挥着重要作用。但是二者之间也存在着区别:

(1)主体不同。集体合同主体比劳动合同主体广泛。

(2)内容不同。集体合同所约定的条件是涉及所有劳动者的一般劳动条件、生活待遇、集体谈判的程序及民主管理的方式等;而劳动合同则仅涉及个别劳动者的特殊劳动条件。

(3)目的不同。集体合同的目的是通过工会或者劳动者代表与用人单位谈判,平衡个体劳动者与用人单位的力量,保护劳动者的合法权益,协调、稳定劳动关系;而劳动合同的目的是建立劳动关系,明确双方的权利义务。

(4)适用范围不同。集体合同适用于签订集体合同的工会或劳动者代表所代表的全体劳动者和用人单位;而劳动合同则是用于签订劳动合同的劳动者个人和用人单位。

(5)效力不同。集体合同的效力高于劳动合同。

(6)形式要件不同。签订集体合同需要提交职工代表大会或者全体职工讨论通过,由双方首席代表签字,必须采用书面形式,并报劳动行政部门批准;而劳动合同只需劳动者个人与用人单位协商签订,应当采用书面形式,但法律不排除口头形式的劳动合同,同时对事实劳动关系进行保护。

(7)纠纷的处理方式不同。集体合同纠纷多为集体争议,且涉及范围较广,各国一般采取政府协同劳资各方协调处理的方式;而劳动合同争议则采用普通劳动争议的处理方

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