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自考专业(社区护理)
练习次数：22次
TEXT C
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first
is the sort of brain he is born with.
Human brains differ considerably , some being more capable than others. But
no matter how good a brain he has
to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he
has opportunities to learn. So the
second factor is what happens to the individual— the sort of environment in
which he is brought up. If an
individual is handicapped(不利 ) environmentally, it is likely that his brain
will fail to develop and he will never
attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of
environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by
the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the
twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same.
When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were
placed in separate foster(抚养) homes. Peter was raised by parents of low
intelligence in an isolated community
with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of
well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to
good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated
intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were
in their late teens, when they were
given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five
points higher than the average and
fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal
opportunities, the twins, having identical brains,
would have tested at roughly the same level.
11.This selection can best be titled____________.
A. Measuring Your Intelligence
B. Intelligence and Environment
C. The Case of Peter and Mark
D. How the Brain Influences Intelligence
12.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.
A. human brains differ considerably
B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his
intelligence
C. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same
intelligence
13.According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.
A. 85 . B. 100 C. 110 D. 125
14.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion
that_______.
A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same level B. an
individual's intelligence is determined only by his environment
C. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
D. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain
15.This passage suggests that an individual's I. Q. _______.
A. can be predicted at birth
B. stays the same throughout his life
C. can be increased by education
D. is determined by his childhood
PASSAGE TWO
(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who
invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the
money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature,
science, economics and —perhaps most importantly —peace.
(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries
have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done
something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award
ceremonies for all kinds of things.
(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American
film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots
of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as
that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.
(4) But it’ s not only f ilms---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury
Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can
expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and
compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for
British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently
giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds,
putting animals in glass cases or— this year— building a garden shed.
(5) Award s don ’ t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports
Personality ofthe Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer
of the Year. This seems very strange— sometimes awards can be good to give
recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’ t make a lot of
money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional
soccer players these days certainly aren’ t short of cash!
(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own
award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have
graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council
has its own awards for “ Innovation in English Language Teaching”.
(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare
never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles
Dickens.
(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and
artists couldwin “patronage form rich people”—a king or a lord would give the
artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them
develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the
world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded
by the state or by private companies.
(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this
process.
(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many
more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel
Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the
ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The
result?The group sells lots more records. (11) Most award ceremonies are now
sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the
person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards,
for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!
(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “ Win -win ”situation, with everyone
being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity
and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement
is taking place?
1. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars,
the Golden Globes and
Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)
A. Amused.
B. Appreciative.
C. Sarcastic.
D. Serious.
2. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?
A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.
B. They would turn to popular novel writing.
C. They would continue non-fiction writing.
D. They would try controversial forms of art.
3. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?
A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.
B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.
C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.
D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.
4. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in
the past and those at present
lies in_____________.
A. nature of work
B. personal contact
C. source of funding
D. social status
5. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards
________.
A. promote market rather than achievements
B. do good to both market and popularity
C. help those who are really talented
D. are effective in making people popular
