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简述西北地区先秦两汉时期的主要水利工程及其作用。

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在西北地区,在南方经济出现之前的先秦两汉时期,曾兴修过郑国渠、白渠、六辅渠、龙首渠等水利工程,将泾、洛、渭之水引入广阔的农田。而在宁夏地区所形成的引黄灌区, 直把“斥卤不毛”之地,改变成“塞北江南” 。在太行山以东的晋、冀、鲁、豫地区,众多的水利灌溉工程,使这一广大地区成为当时的经济中心地带。 西北的水利系统, 还起着保护环境的作用, 众多的水渠,将泾、渭等黄河及其支流的水引进农田时,也起着降低黄河泥沙含量的作用。 那时的关中地区,良田千里,是全国最富庶的地区之一。

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