当前位置:考试网  > 试卷库  > 学历类  > 自考  > 自考专业(公共关系)  > 创新思维理论与方法  > 试论述发散性思维与逻辑思维的联系与区别。
试题预览

试论述发散性思维与逻辑思维的联系与区别。

查看答案
收藏
纠错
正确答案:

逻辑思维为主的创新思维方法,是演绎、归纳和类比的综合应用。创新思维的逻辑方法,有些类似于我们从心理学角度对思维的发散和收敛之分,但它们之间又有一些根本的区别。

一、联系

1、归纳方法和类比方法,类似于心理学中的发散性思维。利用这样的思维方式,我们提出假说、推测或者方案。我们用已知的前提所获得的结论是扩展性的.两者都是一种开放式的思维过程

2、演绎方法则有些近似于收敛性思维。利用这样的思维方式,我们依据已经给出的假说或者猜测来进行分析和推断。我们用已知的前提所获得的结论是内敛性的,两者都是一种封闭式的思维过

二、区别

1、使用归纳方法和类比方法,同样的已知条件推出的是一个假说,不是多个假说。归纳方法和类比方法的扩展性是指在推导过程中,推出的假说扩展了已知条件的断定范围。

2、使用发散性思维.同样的已知条件获得的是多个假说,不是一个假说。发散性思维的扩展性是指在思维过程中,我们为同一个问题,提出了多个解决问题的f段说、推测和设想。

3、使用演绎方法,从前提到结论的思雏过程虽然是封闭性的,但这种封闭性是指在推导过程中,我们用已知条件获得的结论,没有超越已知条件所断定的范围。演绎推理中的已知条件,已经包含了结论中的东西。

4、而收敛性思维所体现的封闭性,则是在众多的假说和猜测之中,选择其中优化的假说和猜测。收敛性思维中的已知条件是多个方案,它是从多个方案中,选定其中的一个或者几个方案。

答案解析:

暂无解析

你可能感兴趣的试题

必要条件假言推理的肯定后件式的推理格式可以表示为()

特性列举法的创始人是()

直觉和灵感共有的特征是()

依据思维过程是否具有逻辑性的标准,可以把思维划分为_____。

“文学家”与“思想家”,这两个词项间的外延关系是()。

热门试题 更多>
试题分类: 其他类
练习次数:0次
Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands. TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassenger,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere. FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass. Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears. Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance-ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic. Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers. 1.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat__. A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines. B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers. C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years. D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair. 2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas__. A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzled.D.unrivaled. 3.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto__. A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar. B.supporttheairlines’optimism. C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers. D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway. 4.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat__. A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness. B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway. C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage. D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering. 5.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto__. A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness. B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices. C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights. D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel.
试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:0次
试题分类: 国家电网招聘考试
练习次数:0次
试题分类: 国家电网招聘考试
练习次数:1次
Passage2 Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Therearetwokindsofmemory:shot-termandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied. HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:beginning,intermediate,andnative-speakingstudents. Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered,eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whether,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest. HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning’sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory. 6.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy. A.howstudentsrememberEnglishvocabularybyshort-termmemory B.howstudentslearnEnglishvocabulary C.howtodevelopstudents’abilityinEnglish D.howlonginformationinshort-termmemoryiskept 7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemory. B.Long-termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining. C.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory. D.Henninggaveaseparatetestonvocabularytohisstudents. 8.FromHenning’sresultwecanseethat. A.beginnershavedifficultydistinguishingthepronunciationofwords B.advancedstudentsrememberwordsbytheirmeaning C.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthatsoundalike D.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthathavethesamemeaning 9.Theword“subjects”inthepassagemeans. A.memoryB.thethemeoflisteningmaterial C.abranchofknowledgestudiedD.thestudentsexperimentedon
试题分类: 大学英语四级
练习次数:0次
扫一扫,手机做题