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Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Cultureshockisanoccupationaldisease(职业病)forpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.
Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsareasfollowing:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenmeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandrefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesesigns,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependonhundredsofthesesignsforourpeaceofmindandday-to-dayefficiency,butwedonotcarrymostatthelevelofconsciousawareness.
Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarsignsareremoved.Nomatterhowbroadmindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybeaseriesofsupportshavebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustration.Whensufferingfromcultureshockpeoplefirstrejecttheenvironmentwhichcauseddiscomfort.Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad.Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogetherincomplainaboutthehostcountryitspeople,youcanbesurethattheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.
16.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockis.
A.anoccupationaldiseaseofforeignpeopleB.mayleadtoveryserioussymptoms
C.actuallynotadiseaseD.incurable
17.Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockresultfrom.
A.thesuddenchangeofsocialatmosphereandcustoms
B.thesuddenchangeofourdailyhabits
C.thesuddenlossofourownsignsandsymbols
D.thediscomfortthatwefeelwhenfacedwithaforeigner
18.Whichoneofthefollowingmaynotbeasymptomofcultureshock?
A.Youdon’tknowhowtoexpressyourgratitude.
B.Youdon’tknowhowtogreetotherpeople.
C.Yousuddenlyforgetwhatawordmeans.
D.Youdon’tunderstandwhyaforeignershrugs.
19.Accordingtothepassage,howwouldapersonwhostaysabroadmostprobablyreactwhenheisfrustratedbythecultureshock?
A.Heismostlikelytorefusetoabsorbthestrangeenvironmentatfirst.
B.Heisreallytoacceptthechangeandadapthimselftothenewenvironment.
C.Althoughhetakestheculturedifferenceforgranted,hestilldoesn’tknowhowtodowithit.
D.Hemaybegintohatethepeopleorthingsaroundhim.
20.Themainideaofthispassageisthat.
A.cultureshockisanoccupationaldisease
B.cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietyoflivinginastrangeculture
C.cultureshockhaspeculiarsymptoms
D.itisveryhardtocopewithlifeinanewsetting
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.
TEXTA
Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica'smostwidespread
nuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople'shealth.Day
andnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneis
immunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthe
bodystillresponds—sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.
Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuilding
upinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoyancethebasisof
manynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstress
causedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormade
irritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,
someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.
Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealth
professionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothe
stressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperience
noiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritability
inhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.
Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhen
mothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposed
tohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.
Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbetweennoiseand
manydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendto
dismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkof
hearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.
1.InParagraph1,thephrase"immuneto"areusedtomean___.
A.unaffectedby
B.hurtby
C.unlikelytobeseenby
D.unknownby
2.Theauthor'sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas___.
A.unrealistic
B.traditional
C.concerned
D.hysterical
3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.
B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.
C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.
D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.
4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit___.
A.isagainstthelaw
B.canmakesomepeopleirritable
C.isanuisance
D.inagangertopeople'shealth
5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe___.
A.unimportant
B.impossible.
C.awasteofmoney
D.essential
