鲁芝字世英,扶风郿人也。世有名德,为西州豪族。父为郭汜所害,芝襁褓流离,年十七,乃移居雍,耽思坟籍..。郡举上计吏,州辟别驾。魏车骑将军郭淮为雍州刺史,深敬重之。举孝廉,除郎中。后拜骑都尉、参军事、行安南太守,迁尚书郎。曹真出督关右,又参大司马军事。真薨,宣帝代焉,乃引芝参骠骑军事,转天水太守。郡邻于蜀,数被侵掠,户口减削,寇盗充斥,芝倾心镇卫,更造城市,数年间旧境悉复。迁广平太守。天水夷夏慕德,老幼赴阙..献书,乞留芝。魏明帝许焉。曹爽辅政,引为司马。芝屡有谠言嘉谋,爽弗能纳。及宣帝起兵诛爽,芝率余众犯门斩关,驰出赴爽,劝爽曰:“公居伊周之位,一旦以罪见黜,虽欲牵黄犬,复可得乎!若挟天子保许昌,杖大威以羽檄征四方兵,孰敢不从!舍此而去,欲就东市,岂不痛哉!”爽懦惑不能用遂委身受戮芝坐爽下狱当死而口不讼直志不苟免宣帝嘉之赦而不诛俄而起为并州刺史诸葛诞以寿春叛,魏帝出征,芝率荆州文武以为先驱。诞平,迁大尚书,掌刑理。武帝践祚..,转镇东将军,进爵为侯。帝以芝清忠履正,素无居宅,使军兵为作屋五十间。芝以年及悬车,告老逊位..,章表十余上,于是征为光禄大夫,位特进,给吏卒,门施行马。羊祜为车骑将军,乃以位让芝,曰:“光禄大夫鲁芝洁身寡欲,和而不同,服事华发,以礼终始,未蒙此选,臣更越之,何以塞天下之望!”上不从。其为人所重如是。泰始九年卒,年八十四。帝为举哀,谥曰贞,赐茔田百亩。(节选自《晋书·鲁芝传》)下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是
A、《三坟》《五典》传为我国古代典籍,后又以“坟籍”“坟典”为古代典籍通称。Themanwhowasdrivingthedruckwouldnotadmitthathehadbeenatfaultand______.
Mysisterwasn'tinParislastmonth,soyou_____herthere.
TroublewithTeamwork
MaryOwenexaminestheroleandefficiencyofteams
Recruiterssaythatcandidateswhocangiveexamplesofworktheyhavedoneasmembersofasuccessfulteamareinasstrongapositionasthosewhocanpointtosignificantindividualachievement.Indeed,toomuchofthelattermaysuggestthatthepersonconcernedisnota'teamplayer'-oneofthemoreseriousfailingsinthebookofmanagement.
Theimportanceofbeingateamplayerisasideeffectoftheincreasinginteractionacrossdepartmentsandfunctionaldivides.Insteadofpushingreports,paperworkanddecisionsaroundtheorganisation,'teamsprovideadynamicmeetingplacewhereideascanbesharedandexpertisemorecarefullytargetedatimportantbusinessissues,'saysSteveGardner,inhisbookKeyManagementConcepts.Headds,'Globalisationhasaddedafurtherdimensiontoteamwork.Multinationalteamsnowstudypolicydecisionsinthelightoftheirimpactonthelocalmarket.'
Butisteamworkingbeingoverdone?'Somemanagersareonasmanyassevenoreightdifferentteams',saysDrCathyBandy,apsychologistwhorecentlyranaconferenceonthesubject.'Theytakeupsomuchtimethatmanagerscan'tgetonwithcoretasks.'Formingteamsandhavingmeetingshas,shesays,becomeanendinitself,almostregardlessofpurpose.Thereisalsothedangerofanunhealthydesiretokeeptheteamgoingaftertheworkhasbeendone.'Peoplefeeltheneedtobelong,andteammembershipcanprovideakindofpsychologicalsupport.'
Theideabehindteamworkingisthat,whentherightgroupofpeopleisbroughttogether,a'force'developswhichisgreaterthanthesumoftheirindividualtalents.Thisisoftentrueinsport,wheregoodplayerscanreachunexpectedheightsasmembersofaninternationalteam.However,fewbusinesssituationshaveasclearasetofobjectives,orasclearcriteriaofsuccessorfailure,aswinningamatch.
'Inbusiness,everyoneneedstobeclearaboutwhatthechallengeisandwhetherateamistherightwayofapproachingit',saysSteveGardner.'Unfortunately,peoplefocusinsteadonwhothemembersoftheteamshouldbeandwhatrolestheyaretoplay'DrBandyagrees.'Thereisalwaysadangerthatteamscanturnintocommittees,'shesays.'Inalotofsituations,oneortwoindividualswouldbemuchmoreeffective.'
Sowhatmakesasuccessfulteam?Therearesomegeneralqualitiesthathavebeenidentified.SteveGardnerrecommendsthatineveryteamthereshouldbesomeonewhoisgoodatresearchingideasandanotherwhoisgoodatshootingdownimpracticalones.Thereshouldbethosewhocanresolvethetensionsthatnaturallyoccurinateamandotherswhoarefocusedongettingthejobdone.Also,providingaclearandachievabletargetattheoutsetisthebestwayofensuringthattheteamwillmoveontogreaterthings.
13、Whatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutteamworkingatthebeginningofthearticle?
AItisthemostsuccessfulformofmanagement.
BIthaschangedtherecruitmentprocedureincompanies.
CWell-runteamsstillallowindividualstodemonstratetheirtalents.
DBeingateamplayerisnowconsideredanessentialmanagementskill.
14、Accordingtothearticle,teamworkdevelopedwithincompaniesasaresponseto
Amodernofficedesign.
Bchangingworkpractices.
Careductioninadministrativetasks.
Dtheexpansionofinternationalbusiness.
15、Inthethirdparagraph,DrBandysuggeststhat
Amanyemployeesdonotenjoyworkinginteams.
Bsomemanagersarenotveryeffectiveteamleaders.
Csometeamsarecreatedunnecessarily.
Dfewteamsarewellorganised.
16、Accordingtothewriter,teamworkismoreeffectiveinthefieldofsportbecausetheplayers
Aknowwhattheywanttoachieve.
Baremorecompetitivebynature.
Chavemoreindividualtalent.
Dcanbedrivenbynationalpride.
17、SteveGardnerandDrBandyagreethatwhenabusinessteamiscreatedpeopledonotpayenoughattentionto
Athestructureoftheteam.
Balternativestotheteam.
Cselectingtheteammembers.
Ddirectingtheteam'sactivities.
18、WhatisSteveGardner'sadviceonoperatingasuccessfulteam?
AMaintainaflexibleapproachtomembership.
BAllowpersonalitiestodevelopwithintheteam.
CSelectpeoplewhofitnaturallyintocertainroles.
DMakeeveryefforttoavoidconflictbetweenmembers.
"Lookwhatyou'vedone!You______morecareful."
Thebike____hewenttoschoolwasstolenlastweek,whichmadehimfeelsad.