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试述贪污贿赂罪的概念和法律特征,并辨析贪污罪与挪用公款罪,贪污罪与受贿罪的区别。

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正确答案:

(1)贪污贿赂罪的概念贪污贿赂罪,是指国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,非法占有、使用公私财物,玷污国家工作人员职务的廉洁性的行为。

(2)贪污贿赂罪的特征

①犯罪主体是特殊主体,即国家工作人员。国家工作人员是指国家机关中从事公务的人员。根据我国刑法规定,受国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体委托管理、经营国有财产的人员,以国家工作人员论。

②主观方面,只能是故意犯罪。其犯罪目的有的是为了非法占有、获取公私财物,有的为了暂时使用公共资金。犯罪动机则多种多样,不影响本类犯罪的构成。

③客观方面,行为人必须有利用职务上的便利,非法占有、使用公私财物的行为。本类犯罪有两个共同的特点:一是都与一定的职务或者职责密不可分,如果没有利用职务上的便利,则即使非法得利,也不构成此类罪;二是都获得一定的经济利益。

④贪污贿赂罪所侵犯的客体是国家工作人员职务行为的廉洁性和公私财产的所有权。

(3)贪污罪与挪用公款罪的区别贪污罪的主观方面表现为直接故意,并且具有非法占有公共财物的目的;而挪用公款罪并没有永久占有公共财物的目的,这是两者的根本差别。

(4)贪污罪与受贿罪的区别贪污罪与受贿罪的客观方面都有利用职务之便的情节,但贪污罪是侵吞、窃取、骗取或者以其他手段非法占有公共财物的行为;而受贿罪则是索要或收受他人的财物。犯罪对象也有所不同,贪污罪的犯罪对象是公共财物,而受贿罪的犯罪对象往往是私人财物。)

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