当前位置:考试网  > 试卷库  > 建筑工程  > 工程师考试  > 安全工程师  > 安全生产事故案例分析  > 某年2月17日15时许,H省W县某建筑公司承建的某发电厂一期工程3#机组冷却塔施工现场发生一起高处作业坠落事故,造成7人死亡。 事故发生过程: 某发电厂一期工程项目经S省发展计划委员会批准建设。由S省某电力建设公司中标建设,其3#机组冷却塔工程分包给H省W县某建筑公司承建,s省某工程监理公司进行工程监理。由于不具备冬季施工条件,该工程已停止作业,停止作业时间为事发前一年10月15日至事发当年3月1日。 2月16日下午16时,H省W县某建筑公司分包承建的发电厂一期工程3#机组冷却塔施工项目执行经理在未得到总包许可的前提下,带领所属施工人员来到工地。17时.组织所属施工人员进行体检、照相,准备办理“安全上岗证”,进行3#冷却塔井架吊桥平台拆除作业前的准备。 2月17日上午,H省W县某建筑公司现场负责人安排施工班长组织拆除作业前的技术交底工作。当日下午13时许,班长王某在施工现场组织了班前会,交待了施工操作规程后,带领11名工人沿井架爬梯步道上到井架吊桥平台,进行平台下降作业。建设工程教育网信息 冷却塔吊桥平台是冷却塔施工的高空运料平台,由前桥、后桥两部分组成,连接方式为伸缩式,其中前桥共分为四节,根据施工需要可以伸缩。整个吊桥平台靠11个倒链拉结在竖井架上,吊桥降落施工时,受力的手拉倒链应同时匀速降落,且受力倒链与备用倒链依次倒换。15时许,吊桥平台下降1m后(总高度为46.25m)。根据下降距离,需要调整倒链。 此时在可伸缩的前桥平台左端的操作工张某在没有使挂设的备用倒链受力的情况下,就将受力倒链解掉,使平台前桥前端两侧倒链受力不均,造成前桥平台失去平衡。按操作规程要求,吊桥平台拆除前应先将前桥收缩起来,由前向后逐步收缩,最后用倒链封死,然后将平台降至底部。 此次作业前,四节吊桥只收缩两节半,还留一节半在外,未全部收缩进来。在班长的指挥下又有4人赶到前桥左端,在没采取任何防护措施的情况下去拉升倒链,造成倾斜加剧,前桥自重和动荷载及相应的力将作为滑道用的首桥槽钢下翼冲击变形,前桥掉出轨道,班长王某等7人从高处坠落,当场死亡5人,重伤2人。 施工现场地面人员发现情况后,紧急呼叫120,与该单位车辆一起立即将坠落人员送至市人民医院抢救,至当日16时40分,重伤2人经抢救无效先后死亡。这起事故的经济赔偿为平均每位死者16.5万元,重伤2人的抢救费用为3.6万元,事故造成停工经济损失为80万元。 问题: 1.这起事故掼失多少工作日?直接经济损失是多少万元? 2.请从技术、管理等方面分新该事故发生的原因? 3.为避免此类事故发生,应采取哪些措施?
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某年2月17日15时许,H省W县某建筑公司承建的某发电厂一期工程3#机组冷却塔施工现场发生一起高处作业坠落事故,造成7人死亡。

事故发生过程:

某发电厂一期工程项目经S省发展计划委员会批准建设。由S省某电力建设公司中标建设,其3#机组冷却塔工程分包给H省W县某建筑公司承建,s省某工程监理公司进行工程监理。由于不具备冬季施工条件,该工程已停止作业,停止作业时间为事发前一年10月15日至事发当年3月1日。

2月16日下午16时,H省W县某建筑公司分包承建的发电厂一期工程3#机组冷却塔施工项目执行经理在未得到总包许可的前提下,带领所属施工人员来到工地。17时.组织所属施工人员进行体检、照相,准备办理“安全上岗证”,进行3#冷却塔井架吊桥平台拆除作业前的准备。

2月17日上午,H省W县某建筑公司现场负责人安排施工班长组织拆除作业前的技术交底工作。当日下午13时许,班长王某在施工现场组织了班前会,交待了施工操作规程后,带领11名工人沿井架爬梯步道上到井架吊桥平台,进行平台下降作业。建设工程教育网信息

冷却塔吊桥平台是冷却塔施工的高空运料平台,由前桥、后桥两部分组成,连接方式为伸缩式,其中前桥共分为四节,根据施工需要可以伸缩。整个吊桥平台靠11个倒链拉结在竖井架上,吊桥降落施工时,受力的手拉倒链应同时匀速降落,且受力倒链与备用倒链依次倒换。15时许,吊桥平台下降1m后(总高度为46.25m)。根据下降距离,需要调整倒链。

此时在可伸缩的前桥平台左端的操作工张某在没有使挂设的备用倒链受力的情况下,就将受力倒链解掉,使平台前桥前端两侧倒链受力不均,造成前桥平台失去平衡。按操作规程要求,吊桥平台拆除前应先将前桥收缩起来,由前向后逐步收缩,最后用倒链封死,然后将平台降至底部。

此次作业前,四节吊桥只收缩两节半,还留一节半在外,未全部收缩进来。在班长的指挥下又有4人赶到前桥左端,在没采取任何防护措施的情况下去拉升倒链,造成倾斜加剧,前桥自重和动荷载及相应的力将作为滑道用的首桥槽钢下翼冲击变形,前桥掉出轨道,班长王某等7人从高处坠落,当场死亡5人,重伤2人。

施工现场地面人员发现情况后,紧急呼叫120,与该单位车辆一起立即将坠落人员送至市人民医院抢救,至当日16时40分,重伤2人经抢救无效先后死亡。这起事故的经济赔偿为平均每位死者16.5万元,重伤2人的抢救费用为3.6万元,事故造成停工经济损失为80万元。

问题:

1.这起事故掼失多少工作日?直接经济损失是多少万元?

2.请从技术、管理等方面分新该事故发生的原因?

3.为避免此类事故发生,应采取哪些措施?

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正确答案:

1、(1)这起事故损失的工作日为6 000×7 = 42 000 (工作日)。

(2)直接经济损失为16.5×7+3 6=119. 1(万元)。

2、(1)技术方面

①在前桥平台左端拉倒链的操作工张某,在平台下降1 m 后,在没有使用备用倒链的情况下,拆卸了受力倒链,造成吊桥前桥失衡、倾斜、脱轨。

②此次作业前,四节吊桥只收缩两节半,还留一节半在外,未全部收缩进来,导致工人站在前桥作业。

③班长王某在组织现场施工时,未严格按照安全技术操作规程指挥,对于张某的操作失误未能及时采取有效措施加以制止。

(2)管理方面

①分包单位现场负责人在该工程复工前,未向总包单位报批井架拆卸方案,属违规开工。同时,该负责人违章指挥,安排没有取得高空作业证的工人上岗作业。

②H省 W县某建筑工程公司,安全生产责任制不落实,企业安全培训教育工作不力。

③施工前未按规定由负责项目管理的技术人员将有关安全施工的技术要求向施工作业班组、作业人员做出书面技术交底,并由双方签字认可。

④总包单位和监理公司对H 省 W县某建筑工程公司进人工地后没有进行认真的审查,对其未办理有关手续、没有及时制止擅自开工和进行有效监督,也是造成此次事故的管理原因

3、(1)施工现场的总包单位和分包单位应,加强现场安全生产管理.尽快健全和完善各级各部门和各岗位安全生产责任制,并制定切实可行的考核措施。

(2)作为建筑施工企业,应加强对职工进行建筑行业有关安全生产的法律法规和各岗位的安全技术操作规程的培训。

(3)禁止未经培训人员上岗作业。(4)建筑施工企业应加强对施工现场的监督和检查,检查结果要记录在案

答案解析:

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某年2月17日15时许,H省W县某建筑公司承建的某发电厂一期工程3#机组冷却塔施工现场发生一起高处作业坠落事故,造成7人死亡。

事故发生过程:

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2月17日上午,H省W县某建筑公司现场负责人安排施工班长组织拆除作业前的技术交底工作。当日下午13时许,班长王某在施工现场组织了班前会,交待了施工操作规程后,带领11名工人沿井架爬梯步道上到井架吊桥平台,进行平台下降作业。建设工程教育网信息

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此次作业前,四节吊桥只收缩两节半,还留一节半在外,未全部收缩进来。在班长的指挥下又有4人赶到前桥左端,在没采取任何防护措施的情况下去拉升倒链,造成倾斜加剧,前桥自重和动荷载及相应的力将作为滑道用的首桥槽钢下翼冲击变形,前桥掉出轨道,班长王某等7人从高处坠落,当场死亡5人,重伤2人。

施工现场地面人员发现情况后,紧急呼叫120,与该单位车辆一起立即将坠落人员送至市人民医院抢救,至当日16时40分,重伤2人经抢救无效先后死亡。这起事故的经济赔偿为平均每位死者16.5万元,重伤2人的抢救费用为3.6万元,事故造成停工经济损失为80万元。

问题:

1.这起事故掼失多少工作日?直接经济损失是多少万元?

2.请从技术、管理等方面分新该事故发生的原因?

3.为避免此类事故发生,应采取哪些措施?

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2.根据《安全生产法》提出初步处理建议。

3.提出防止同类事故措施建议。

天津创业化工厂是一家生产六溴-2,4-二硝基苯胺的村办企业。该厂只有一座大厂房,内分3个车间;东车间生产中间产品2,4-二硝基苯胺,中间车间为备料车间,堆放着一袋袋强氧化剂氯酸钠、溴化物和2,4-二硝基苯胺。1996半1月26日下午4时,有人发现该厂厂房中部的窗户冒出黑烟,大声喊救火,正在厂办公室的厂长和宿舍里的职工以及附近村民都赶来救火。他们发现是备料车间的氯酸钠冒烟,于是从离厂房约十几米的废水塘里拎水灭火,泼了几桶后无效,厂长便叫人赶快运沙子灭火,没等沙子运到,只听两声巨响,一股黑烟直冲天空,面积约500平方米的厂房被夷为平地,前来救火的工人和村民死亡19人,受伤14人,直接经济损失120万元。

请分析事故原因以及应采取的预防措施。

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We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.” To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race. This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality. Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 1.Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy? A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population. B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase. C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year. D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality. 2.During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___. A.only one in ten persons could live past 40. B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places. C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions. D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children. 3.Which statement is true about population increase? A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000. B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present. C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year. D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present. 4.The author of the passage intends to___. A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future. B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650. C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years. D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth. 5.The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means___. A.statistics of human. B.surroundings study. C.accumulation of human. D.development of human.
试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:3次
试题分类: 初级(口语)
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Part I Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by four comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Ask three people to look the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it. Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception is the mind’s interpretation of what the senses—in this case our eyes—tell us. Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene. 1. Seeing and perceiving are . A. the same action B. two separate actions C. two actions carried on entirely by eyes D. several actions that take place at different times 2. Perceiving is an action that takes place . A. in our eyes B. only when we think very hard about something C. only under the direction of a psychologist D. in every person’s mind 3. People perceive different things about the same scene because . A. they see different things B. some have better eyesight C. they cannot agree about things D. none of these 4. Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage? A. Psychologists do not yet know people see. B. The experiments in which all factors are controlled are better. C. The study of perception is going on now. D. Perception does not involve psychological factors. 5. The best title for this selection is . A. How We See B. Learning about Our Minds through Science C. What Psychologists Perceive D. How to Because an Experimental Psychologist
试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:2次
试题分类: 初级(口语)
练习次数:0次
Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21、 62% of the people surveyed said they always avoided ______ theirsmartphones during meals. A. use B. using C. to use D. used 22、 The HR department is a critical part of employee well-being in any business, no matter ______ small it is. A. how B. what C. where D. which 23、 According to the regulation, inspections______ to ensure that the systems are in good condition. A. demanded B. have demanded C. be demanded D. are demanded 24、 Before you think about asking for a promotion, make sure that either a position opening exists ______ a new position is needed to be created. A. and B. nor C. or D. but 25、 The traffic was making so much noise that I couldn't hear what he ______. A. is saying B. was saying C. has said D. will say 26、 Our company culture is ______ makes us successful in creating a friendly and exciting environment. A. where B. how C. what D. why 27、 Most people were greatly shocked by the news ______ the IT company had gone bankrupt. A. what B. how C. why D. that 28、 I would probably try to find a better job if I ______ in your position. A. am B. were C. have been D. be 29、 If you are ______ busy to attend the meeting, you can send your assistant to take your place. A. very B. so C. too D. more 30、 I had to wait for another two months to be able to have the car ______. A. fixing B. fix C. to fix D. fixed
试题分类: 大学英语三级
练习次数:8次
If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the world’s busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands. The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there. From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class. The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years. In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air France-as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic. The airlines’ optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers. 1.British airlines confide in the fact that__. A.they are more powerful than other European airlines. B.their total loss won’t go beyond a drop of 5% passengers. C.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years. D.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air. 2.The author’s attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as__. A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzled.D.unrivaled. 3.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to__. A.provide a comparison with Eurostar. B.support the airlines’ optimism. C.prove the inevitable drop of air passengers. D.call for electrification and modernization of the railway. 4.The railway’s Brussels route is brought forth to show that__. A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good business. B.the airlines can well compete with the railway. C.the Eurostar train service only caused little damage. D.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering. 5.The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to__. A.praise the airlines’ clear-mindedness. B.warn the airlines of high-speed rail services. C.propose a reduction of London/Paris flights. D.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model.
试题分类: 大学英语六级
练习次数:8次
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve. 1. What is the best title for this passage? [A] Advocating Violence. [B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice. [C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution. [D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence. 2. Recorded history has taught us [A] violence never solves anything. [B] nothing. [C] the bloodshed means nothing. [D]everything. 3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men [A] can't get a hearing. [B] are looked down upon. [C] are persecuted. [D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement. 4. "He was none the wiser" means [A] he was not at all wise in listening. [B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before. [C] He gains nothing after listening. [D] He makes no sense of the argument. 5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is [A] law enforcement. [B] knowledge. [C] nonviolence. [D] Mopping up the violent mess.
试题分类: 专业英语八级
练习次数:4次
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