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TEXT D
Personality is ，to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the
environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely tobecome a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitiveinstitution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sportingachievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clockproduces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner,dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate
emphasis on examinations . It is a rareschool that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examinationare somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is topmanagement.
16.According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of
personality?
A. inheritance
b. inheritance, competition and environment
c. competition
d. environment
17.Which of the following statements is not true according to the author of
the passage?
A.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.
B. Students are often divided by competition results.
C. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.
D. The stronger desire for winning, the better.
18.The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. pull up
b. take up
c. take in
d. pull in
19.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?
A. positive
b. negative
c. doubtful
d. neutral
20.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of
schools?
A. All students be made into competitive A types.
B. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future
job.
C. All students be changed into B characteristics.
D. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.
PART VREADING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished
statements, each withfour suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one
that you think is the best answer.
TEXT A
Racket, din clamor, noise, whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is
America's most widespread
nuisance. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and
present danger to people's health. Day
and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical
and psychological stress. No one is
immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the
ear, in fact, never closes and the
body still responds— sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in
the night.
The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward
symptom of the stress building
up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have
made public annoyance the basis of
many noise abatement programs. The more subtle and more serious health
hazards associated with stress
caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention.
Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made
irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other
thing may be happening to us,
some of which may be damaging to our health.
Of many health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable
and measurable by health
professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us,
there may be a risk that exposure to the
stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more
susceptible among us may experience
noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise
that causes annoyance and irritability
in health persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind
or body.
Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of
effects on the unborn child when
mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and
childhood, youngsters exposed
to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary
amounts of rest.
Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is
because the link between noise and
many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.
Perhaps it is because we tend to
dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may
also be because we still think of
hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.
1.In Paragraph 1, the phrase "immune to" are used to mean ___.
A.unaffected by
B.hurt by
C.unlikely to be seen by
D.unknown by
2.The author's attitude toward noise would best be described as ___.
A.unrealistic
B.traditional
C.concerned
D.hysterical
3.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A.Noise is a major problem; most people recognize its importance.
B.Although noise can be annoying, it is not a major problem.
C.Noise is a major problem and has not yet been recognized as such.
D.Noise is a major problem about which nothing can be done.
4.The author condemns noise essentially because it ___.
A.is against the law
B.can make some people irritable
C.is a nuisance
D.in a ganger to people's health
5.The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on
people to be ___.
A.unimportant
B.impossible.
C.a waste of money
D.essential
