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Passage4
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
IrecentlywroteanautobiographyinwhichIrecalledmanyoldmemories.Oneofthemwasfrommyschooldays,whenourninthgradeteacher,MissRaber,wouldpickoutwordsfromtheReader’sDigesttotestourvocabulary.
Today,morethan45yearslater,Ialwayscheckout“ItpaystoEnrichYourWordPower”firstwhentheDigestcomeseachmonth.Iamimpressedwiththatidea,wordpower.Reader’sDigestknowsthepowerthatwordshavetomovepeople—toentertain,inform,andinspire.TheDigesteditorsknowthatthebigwordisn’talwaysthebestword.Takejustoneexample,aQuotableQuoteformtheFebruary1985issue:”Timeisaplayfulthing.Itslipsquicklyanddrinksthedaylikeabowlofmilk.”
Nineteenwords,onlytwoofthemmorethanonesyllable,yethowmuchtheyconvey!That’susuallyhowitiswithReader’sDigest.Smallandsimplecanbeprofound.
AschairmanofafoundationtorestoretheStatueofLiberty,I’vebeenmakingalotofspeecheslately.Itrytokeepthemfairlyshort.Iusesmallbutvividwords:wordslike“hope”,“guts”,“faith”,“dreams”.ThosearewordsthatmovepeopleandsaysomuchaboutthespiritofAmerica.
Don’tgetmewrong.I’mnotagainstusingbigwords,whenitisrighttodoso,butIhavealsolearnedthatasmallwordcanworkasmallmiracle—ifit’srightword,intherightplace,attherighttime.It’sa“secret”thatIhopeneverforget.
16.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.oneofthemanyoldmemories
B.usingsimplewordstoexpressprofoundideas
C.Reader’sDigestandschoolspeeches
D.howtomakeeffectivespeeches
17.ItseemsthatReader’sDigestisamagazinepopularwith.
A.peopleofallagesB.teenagersC.schoolteachersD.elderlyreaders
18.Theexampletheauthorgivesinthesecondparagraphmightmean.
A.onespendshisdayplayinganddrinking
B.don’twasteyourtimeasonedoes
C.timeslipseasilyifyoudon’tmakegooduseofit
D.timeisjustlikedrinkingmilkfromabowl
19.Theauthor’s“secret”is.
A.toavoidusingbigwordsatanytime
B.tousewordsthathavethepowertomovepeople
C.toworkamiraclebyusingasmallword
D.tousesmallandsimplewordswherepossible
20.Accoedingtotheauthor,well-chosenwordscangivepeople.
A.hope,courageandideas
B.confidence,determinationandstrength
C.pleasure,knowledgeandencourage
D.entertainment,informationandpower
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackfictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances，itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackfictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackfiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthanthefacialidentityoftheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthorsSecond,howdoesBlackfictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneousRosenblattshowsthatBlackfictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable，coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlackoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlywhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity;heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworksDyethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaestheticInaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanToomey’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpressionInspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.
1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith__________.
[A]Evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism.[B]Comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject.
[C]Discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism.
[D]Summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism.
2.TheauthorofthetextbelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimprovedhadRosenblatt__________.
[A]EvaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackfiction.
[B]AttemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackauthors.
[C]ExploreingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackfictionthroughoutitshistory.
[D]Assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically.
3.author’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas__________.
[A]Pedanticandcontentious.
[B]Criticalbutadmiring.
[C]Ironicanddeprecating.
[D]Argumentativebutunfocused.authorofthetextemploysallofthefollowinginthediscussionofRosenblatt’s
4.bookEXCEPT：__________.
[A]Rhetoricalquestions.
[B]Specificexamples.
[C]Comparisonandcontrast.
[D]Definitionofterms.
5.TheauthorofthetextreferstoJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-ColoredManmostprobablyinorderto__________.
[A]pointoutaffinitiesbetweenRosenblatt’smethodofthematicanalysisandearliercriticism.
[B]Clarifythepointaboutexpressionisticstylemadeearlierinthepassage.
[C]QualifytheassessmentofRosenblatt’sbookmadeinthefirstparagraphofthepassage.
[D]giveaspecificexampleofoneoftheaccomplishmentsofRosenblatt’swork.
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Whenaluminumwasfirstproducedaboutahundredandfiftyyearsago,itwassodifficulttoseparateformtheoresinwhichitwasfoundthatitspricewashigherthanthatofgold.Thepriceremainedhighuntilanewprocesswasdiscoveredforrefiningthemetalwiththeaidofelectricityapproximatelythreequartersofacenturylater.Thenewmethodwassomuchcheaperthataluminumbecausepracticalformanypurposes,oneofwhichwasmakingpotsandpans.
Aluminumislightweight,rustproofandeasilyshapedintodifferentforms.Bymixingitwithothermetals,scientistshavebeenabletoproduceavarietyofalloys,someofwhichhavethestrengthofsteelbutweighonlyonethirdasmuch.
Today,theusesofaluminumareinnumerable.Perhapsitsmostimportantuseisintransportation.Aluminumisfoundintheengineofautomobiles,inthehullsofboats.Itisalsousedinmanypartsofairplanes.Infact,thehuge“airbus”planeswouldprobablyneverhavebeenproducedifaluminumdidnotexist.Bymakingvehicleslighterinweightaluminumhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoffuelneededtomovethem,Aluminumisalsobeingusedextensivelyinthebuildingindustryinsomecountries.
Sincealuminumissuchaversatile(多用的)metal,itisfortunatethatbauxite(铝土矿),whichisoneofitschiefsources,isalsooneoftheearth’smostplentifulsubstances.Asthesourceofaluminumisalmostinexhaustible,wecanexpectthatmoreandmoreuseswillbefoundforthisversatilemetal.
6.Thepriceofaluminumwassharplyreducedwhenpeoplediscoveredanewrefiningprocesswiththeaidof.
A.windB.solarenergyC.hydraulicpowerD.electricity
7.Aluminumis.
A.lightweight,rustproofbutnoteasilyshapedintodifferentforms
B.heavyweight,rustproofandeasilyshapedintodifferentforms
C.lightweight,rustproofandeasilyshapedintodifferentforms
D.lightweightandeasilyshapedintodifferentformsbutitiseasytobecomerusty
8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Aluminumiswidelyusedintransportation.
B.Aluminumisalsousedinmanypartsofairplanes.
C.Aluminumisbeingusedextensivelyinthebuildingindustry.
D.Aluminumisnotusedinitspureform.
9.Aluminumisfoundonearthmostlyintheformof.
A.puremetalB.bauxiteC.goldD.liquid
10.Whatisthepassagetalkingabout?
A.Thefeaturesofaluminumanditsfunctions.B.Theprocessofaluminum.
C.Thediscoveryofaluminum.D.Thepromisingfutureofaluminum.
