某城市引水工程，输水管道为长980m、DN3500mm钢管，采用顶管法施工;工作井尺寸为 18m×20m，挖深 15m，围护结构为 φ800mm钻孔灌注桩，设四道支撑。工作井挖土前，经检测发现三根钻孔灌注桩桩身强度偏低，造成围护结构达不到设计要求。调查结果表明混凝土的粗、细骨料合格。顶管施工前，项目部把原施工组织设计确定的顶管分节长度由 6.6m改为 8.8m，仍采用原龙门吊下管方案，并准备在现场予以实施。监理工程师认为此做法违反有关规定并存在安全隐患，予以制止。顶管正常顶进过程中，随顶程增加，总顶力持续增加，在顶程达三分之一时，总顶力接近后背设计允许最大荷载。

问题

1.钻孔灌注桩桩身强度偏低的原因可能有哪些?应如何补救 ?

2.说明项目部变更施工方案的正确做法。

3.改变管节长度后，应对原龙门吊下管方案中哪些安全隐患点进行安全验算?

4.顶力随顶程持续增加的原因是什么?应采取哪些措施处理 ?

翻译训练：大学生创业

近年来大学生创业(entrepreneurship)问题越来越受到社会的关注,因为受过多年教育的大学生属于高级知识分子,他们背负着社会的种种期望。在社会经济繁荣发展的同时,大学生创业也成为新气象。现代大学生有创新精神,有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望,而这种创新精神也成为大学生创业的动力源泉,成为成功创业的信心基础。大学生怀揣创业梦想,努力打拼,实现自己的理想,证明自己的价值。

Part III Cloze

Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.

There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born 61 . Human brains differ considerably, 62 being more capable than others. 63 no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence 64 he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what 65 to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought 66 . If an individual is handicapped (受阻碍) 67 , it is likely that his brain will 68 to develop and he will 69 attain the level of intelligence of which he is 70 .

The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be 71 by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they are placed in 72 foster (寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an 73 community with poor educational 74 . John, 75 , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who has been to college. This environmental 76 continued until the twins were 77 their late teens, 78 they were given tests to 79 their intelligence. John’s I.Q. (智商) was 125, twenty-five points higher than the 80 and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.

61. A. for B. by C. with D. in

62. A. most B. some C. many D. few

63. A. But B. For C. Still D. And

64. A. if B. thought C. as D. unless

65. A. refers B. applies C. happens D. concerns

66. A. about B. up C. forward D. forth

67. A. relatively B. intelligently C. regularly D. environmentally

68. A. fail B. help C. manage D. stop

69. A. ever B. never C. even D. nearly

70. A. able B. capable C. available D. acceptable

71. A. demonstrated B. denied C. neglected D. ignored

72. A. separate B. similar C. remote D. individual

73. A. omitted B. isolated C. enclosed D. occupied

74. A. possibilities B. opportunities C. capacities D. responsibilities

75. A. moreover B. consequently C. then D. however

76. A. exception B. division C. difference D. alteration

77. A. in B. by C. at C. for

78. A. while B. since C. when D. because

79. A. estimate B. count C. decide D. measure

80. A. average B. common C. usual D. ordinary

背景：

某高层办公楼工程，框架剪力墙结构，共24层，三层以下为性混凝土结构，顶层局部为网架架构。26施工内容包括结构工程、装饰装修工程，给排水、暖通、电气工程和室外工程施工等2007年3月1日开工，2008 年4月28日主体结构封顶。

问题：

1、 该工程主体结构验收应包括哪些分部工程?

2、 其中混凝土结构子分部工程施工质量验收合格应符合哪些规定?

3、 规范要求哪些部位进行结构实体检测?任何组织?包含哪些内容?

During these ten years, many new methods have been ___ in thefield of foreign language teaching.